mcuboot/docs/PORTING.md

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# Porting How-To
This document describes the requirements and necessary steps required to port
`mcuboot` to a new target `OS`.
# Requirements
* `mcuboot` requires that the target provides a `flash` API with ability to
get the flash's minimum write size, and read/write/erase individual sectors.
* `mcuboot` doesn't bundle a cryptographic library, which means the target
OS must already have it bundled. The supported libraries at the moment are
either `mbed TLS` or the set `tinycrypt` + `mbed TLS` (where `mbed TLS` is
used to provide functionality not existing in `tinycrypt`).
# Steps to port
## Main app and calling the bootloader
From the perspective of the target OS, the bootloader can be seen as a library,
so an entry point must be provided. This is likely a typical `app` for the
target OS, and it must call the following function to run the bootloader:
```c
int boot_go(struct boot_rsp *rsp);
```
This function is located at `boot/bootutil/loader.c` and receives a `struct
boot_rsp` pointer. The `struct boot_rsp` is defined as:
```c
struct boot_rsp {
/** A pointer to the header of the image to be executed. */
const struct image_header *br_hdr;
/**
* The flash offset of the image to execute. Indicates the position of
* the image header.
*/
uint8_t br_flash_id;
uint32_t br_image_addr;
};
```
After running the management functions of the bootloader, `boot_go` returns
an initialized `boot_rsp` which has pointers to the location of the image
where the target firmware is located which can be used to jump to.
## Flash access and flash Map
* Regarding flash access the bootloader has two requirements:
### hal_flash_align
`mcuboot` needs to know the write size (and alignment) of the flash. To get
this information it calls `hal_flash_align`.
`uint8_t hal_flash_align(uint8_t flash_id);`
### flash_map
The bootloader requires a `flash_map` to be able to know how the flash is
partitioned. A `flash_map` consists of `struct flash_area` entries
specifying the partitions, where a `flash_area` defined as follows:
```c
struct flash_area {
uint8_t fa_id; /** The slot/scratch identification */
uint8_t fa_device_id; /** The device id (usually there's only one) */
uint16_t pad16;
uint32_t fa_off; /** The flash offset from the beginning */
uint32_t fa_size; /** The size of this sector */
};
```
`fa_id` is can be one of the following options:
```c
#define FLASH_AREA_IMAGE_0 1
#define FLASH_AREA_IMAGE_1 2
#define FLASH_AREA_IMAGE_SCRATCH 3
```
The functions that must be defined for working with the `flash_area`s are:
```c
/*< Opens the area for use. id is one of the `fa_id`s */
int flash_area_open(uint8_t id, const struct flash_area **);
void flash_area_close(const struct flash_area *);
/*< Reads `len` bytes of flash memory at `off` to the buffer at `dst` */
int flash_area_read(const struct flash_area *, uint32_t off, void *dst,
uint32_t len);
/*< Writes `len` bytes of flash memory at `off` from the buffer at `src` */
int flash_area_write(const struct flash_area *, uint32_t off,
const void *src, uint32_t len);
/*< Erases `len` bytes of flash memory at `off` */
int flash_area_erase(const struct flash_area *, uint32_t off, uint32_t len);
/*< Returns this `flash_area`s alignment */
uint8_t flash_area_align(const struct flash_area *);
/*< Initializes an array of flash_area elements for the slot's sectors */
int flash_area_to_sectors(int idx, int *cnt, struct flash_area *ret);
/*< Returns the `fa_id` for slot, where slot is 0 or 1 */
int flash_area_id_from_image_slot(int slot);
/*< Returns the slot, for the `fa_id` supplied */
int flash_area_id_to_image_slot(int area_id);
```
## Memory management for mbed TLS
`mbed TLS` employs dynamic allocation of memory, making use of the pair
`calloc/free`. If `mbed TLS` is to be used for crypto, your target RTOS
needs to provide this pair of function.
To configure the what functions are called when allocating/deallocating
memory `mbed TLS` uses the following call [^cite1]:
```
int mbedtls_platform_set_calloc_free (void *(*calloc_func)(size_t, size_t),
void (*free_func)(void *));
```
If your system already provides functions with compatible signatures, those
can be used directly here, otherwise create new functions that glue to
your `calloc/free` implementations.
[^cite1]```https://tls.mbed.org/api/platform_8h.html```