324 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
324 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# Xen 安装与配置
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Xen 分为 Xen Hypervisor、Dom 0 和 Dom U。针对 Xen Hypervisor 需要提供引导配置，针对 Dom U 需要提供虚拟机配置。
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## 安装
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在 ArchLinux/Manjaro 上通过 yaourt 进行安装。
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```sh
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yaourt -S xen
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```
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提示需要 83FE14C957E82BD9 密钥：
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```sh
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# 注意不要加 sudo，因为 root 和每个普通账户的密钥是分别存储的
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gpg --recv-keys 83FE14C957E82BD9
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gpg --lsign-key 83FE14C957E82BD9
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gpg --finger 83FE14C957E82BD9
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```
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还需要装一些额外的软件包：
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```sh
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pacman -S seabios ovmf mesa bluez-libs
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```
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## Grub 引导配置
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### Grub 参考引导配置文件
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在 ArchLinux/Manjaro 上安装完 Xen 后，在 /etc/grub.d/09_xen 为 Xen Hypervisor 的参考引导配置文件（基于 Grub），内容如下：
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```sh
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#!/usr/bin/env bash
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##
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## grub-mkconfig helper script specific to Arch Linux
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## Contributed by "Keshav Amburay" <the ddoott ridikulus ddoott rat aatt geemmayil ddoott ccoomm>
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## Updated on 08 February 2014
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##
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## Script based on do_grub_config() function in Arch Linux Archboot ISO Installer/Setup script
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## Some parts taken from /etc/grub.d/10_linux script shipped by GRUB(2) upstream
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##
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## This script can be freely distributed and/or modified
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## under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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## the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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## (at your option) any later version.
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##
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## This script is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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## but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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## GNU General Public License for more details.
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##
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## Adapted for use with the xen AUR package, to ensure feature comparity
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## Modified by "David Sutton" <kantras - gmail com>
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_FUNC_GRUB_FILE_PRESENT() {
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[[ -z "${GRUB_PLATFORM}" ]] && GRUB_PLATFORM="x86"
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if [[ "${GRUB_PLATFORM}" == "x86" ]]; then
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check="--is-x86-linux32"
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elif [[ "${GRUB_PLATFORM}" == "i386-xen-pae" ]]; then
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check="--is-i386-xen-pae-domu"
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elif [[ "${GRUB_PLATFORM}" == "x86_64-xen" ]]; then
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check="--is-x86_64-xen-domu"
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else
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check="--is-${GRUB_PLATFORM}-linux"
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fi
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case "${GRUB_PLATFORM}" in
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x86)
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list="$(for i in "${GRUB_ROOT}"/boot/vmlinuz-linux* ; do
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if grub_file_is_not_garbage "${i}" && "${grub_file}" ${check} "${i}" ; then echo -n "${i} " ; fi
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done)" ;;
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*)
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list="$(for i in "${GRUB_ROOT}"/boot/vmlinuz-linux* ; do
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if grub_file_is_not_garbage "${i}" && "${grub_file}" ${check} "${i}" ; then echo -n "${i} " ; fi
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done)" ;;
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esac
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}
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set -e
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prefix="/usr"
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exec_prefix="${prefix}"
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datarootdir="/usr/share"
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datadir="${datarootdir}"
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sysconfdir="/etc"
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. "${datarootdir}/grub/grub-mkconfig_lib"
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. "${sysconfdir}/default/grub"
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export XEN_HYPERVISOR_CMDLINE="xsave=1"
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export XEN_LINUX_CMDLINE="console=tty0"
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[[ -r "${sysconfdir}/xen/grub.conf" ]] && . "${sysconfdir}/xen/grub.conf"
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[[ -z "${XEN_LINUX_CMDLINE_OVERRIDE}" ]] && XEN_LINUX_CMDLINE_OVERRIDE="0"
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export TEXTDOMAIN="grub"
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export TEXTDOMAINDIR="${datarootdir}/locale"
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CLASS="--class xen --class arch-linux --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os"
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[[ "${grub_file}" != "" ]] && _FUNC_GRUB_FILE_PRESENT
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BOOT_PART_FS_UUID="$(${grub_probe} --target="fs_uuid" "/boot" 2>/dev/null)"
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BOOT_PART_HINTS_STRING="$(${grub_probe} --target="hints_string" "/boot" 2>/dev/null || true)"
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BOOT_PART_FS="$(${grub_probe} --target="fs" "/boot" 2>/dev/null)"
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ROOT_PART_GRUB_DEVICE="$(${grub_probe} --target=device / || true)"
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ROOT_PART_FS="$(${grub_probe} --device ${ROOT_PART_GRUB_DEVICE} --target=fs 2> /dev/null || echo "unknown")"
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if [[ "${GRUB_LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE}" == "" ]]; then
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case "${ROOT_PART_FS}" in
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btrfs)
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rootsubvol="$(make_system_path_relative_to_its_root /)"
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rootsubvol="${rootsubvol#/}"
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if [[ "${rootsubvol}" != "" ]]; then
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GRUB_LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE="subvol=${rootsubvol}"
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fi
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;;
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zfs)
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rpool="$(${grub_probe} --device ${GRUB_DEVICE} --target=fs_label 2>/dev/null || true)"
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bootfs="$(make_system_path_relative_to_its_root / | sed -e "s,@$,,")"
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GRUB_LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE="ZFS=${rpool}${bootfs}"
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;;
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esac
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if [[ "${GRUB_DEVICE_UUID}" == "" ]] || \
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[[ "${GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID}" == "true" ]] || \
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[[ ! -e "/dev/disk/by-uuid/${GRUB_DEVICE_UUID}" ]] || \
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uses_abstraction "${GRUB_DEVICE}" lvm ; then
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GRUB_LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE="${GRUB_DEVICE}"
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else
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GRUB_LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE="UUID=${GRUB_DEVICE_UUID}"
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fi
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fi
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[[ "${GRUB_LINUX_PARAMS}" == "" ]] && GRUB_LINUX_PARAMS="${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX} ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT}"
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if [[ "${XEN_LINUX_CMDLINE_OVERRIDE}" == "0" ]]; then
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GRUB_LINUX_PARAMS="${GRUB_LINUX_PARAMS} ${XEN_LINUX_CMDLINE}"
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else
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GRUB_LINUX_PARAMS="${XEN_LINUX_CMDLINE}"
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fi
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xen_list=`for i in /boot/xen-*.gz /xen-*.gz ; do
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if grub_file_is_not_garbage "$i" ; then echo -n "$i "; fi
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done`
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while [ "x$xen_list" != "x" ] ; do
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xen=`version_find_latest $xen_list`
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echo "Found Xen hypervisor image: $xen" >&2
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XEN_BASENAME=`basename $xen`
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XEN_VERSION=`echo $XEN_BASENAME | sed -e "s,^[^0-9]*-,,g" | sed -e "s,.gz,,g"`
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for _KERNEL_ in ${list} ; do
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echo "Found linux image: ${_KERNEL_}" >&2
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basename="$(basename "${_KERNEL_}")"
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dirname="$(dirname "${_KERNEL_}")"
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REAL_DIR="$(make_system_path_relative_to_its_root "${dirname}")"
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_KERNEL_FILE_="$(echo ${_KERNEL_} | sed 's,/boot/,,g')"
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_KERNEL_PKG_="pkg-$(echo ${_KERNEL_FILE_} | sed 's,vmlinuz-,,g')"
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_INITRAMFS_="${_KERNEL_FILE_/vmlinuz-/initramfs-}.img"
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if [[ -e "/boot/${_INITRAMFS_}" ]]; then
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echo "Found initramfs image: /boot/${_INITRAMFS_}" >&2
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cat << EOF
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menuentry "Xen ${XEN_VERSION} / Arch Linux ${_KERNEL_PKG_} kernel" ${CLASS} {
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$(save_default_entry)
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if [ x\$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
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insmod all_video
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fi
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set gfxpayload=keep
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insmod ${BOOT_PART_FS}
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if [ x\$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
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search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ${BOOT_PART_HINTS_STRING} ${BOOT_PART_FS_UUID}
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else
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search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ${BOOT_PART_FS_UUID}
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fi
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echo '$(printf "Loading Xen %s ..." ${XEN_VERSION})'
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multiboot2 ${REAL_DIR}/${XEN_BASENAME} ${XEN_HYPERVISOR_CMDLINE}
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echo 'Loading Arch Linux ${_KERNEL_PKG_} kernel ...'
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module2 ${REAL_DIR}/${_KERNEL_FILE_} root=${GRUB_LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE} rw ${GRUB_LINUX_PARAMS}
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echo 'Loading Arch Linux ${_KERNEL_PKG_} kernel initramfs ...'
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module2 ${REAL_DIR}/${_INITRAMFS_}
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}
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EOF
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fi
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_INITRAMFS_FALLBACK_="${_KERNEL_FILE_/vmlinuz-/initramfs-}-fallback.img"
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if [[ -e "/boot/${_INITRAMFS_FALLBACK_}" ]]; then
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echo "Found fallback initramfs image: /boot/${_INITRAMFS_FALLBACK_}" >&2
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cat << EOF
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menuentry "Xen ${XEN_VERSION} / Arch Linux ${_KERNEL_PKG_} kernel (fallback initramfs)" ${CLASS} {
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$(save_default_entry)
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if [ x\$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
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insmod all_video
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fi
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set gfxpayload=keep
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insmod ${BOOT_PART_FS}
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if [ x\$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
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search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ${BOOT_PART_HINTS_STRING} ${BOOT_PART_FS_UUID}
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else
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search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ${BOOT_PART_FS_UUID}
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fi
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echo '$(printf "Loading Xen %s ..." ${XEN_VERSION})'
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multiboot2 ${REAL_DIR}/${XEN_BASENAME} ${XEN_HYPERVISOR_CMDLINE}
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echo 'Loading Arch Linux ${_KERNEL_PKG_} kernel ...'
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module2 ${REAL_DIR}/${_KERNEL_FILE_} root=${GRUB_LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE} rw ${GRUB_LINUX_PARAMS}
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echo 'Loading Arch Linux ${_KERNEL_PKG_} kernel fallback initramfs ...'
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module2 ${REAL_DIR}/${_INITRAMFS_FALLBACK_}
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}
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EOF
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fi
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if [[ ! -e "/boot/${_INITRAMFS_}" ]] && [[ ! -e "/boot/${_INITRAMFS_FALLBACK_}" ]]; then
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cat << EOF
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menuentry "Xen ${XEN_VERSION} / Arch Linux ${_KERNEL_PKG_} kernel (no initramfs)" ${CLASS} {
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$(save_default_entry)
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if [ x\$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
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insmod all_video
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fi
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set gfxpayload=keep
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insmod ${BOOT_PART_FS}
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if [ x\$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
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search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ${BOOT_PART_HINTS_STRING} ${BOOT_PART_FS_UUID}
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else
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search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ${BOOT_PART_FS_UUID}
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fi
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echo '$(printf "Loading Xen %s ..." ${XEN_VERSION})'
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multiboot2 ${REAL_DIR}/${XEN_BASENAME} ${XEN_HYPERVISOR_CMDLINE}
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echo 'Loading Arch Linux ${_KERNEL_PKG_} kernel ...'
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module2 ${REAL_DIR}/${_KERNEL_FILE_} root=${GRUB_LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE} rw ${GRUB_LINUX_PARAMS}
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}
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EOF
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fi
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done
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xen_list=`echo $xen_list | tr ' ' '\n' | grep -vx $xen | tr '\n' ' '`
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done
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```
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### 一个简化的 Grub 配置参考
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一个简化的 Grup 引导配置文件如下，其中 xen-4.12.1.gz 为 Xen Hypervisor，vmlinuz-4.9-x86_64 为支持 Xen 的 Dom 0 Linux Kernel，initramfs-4.9-x86_64.img 为 RAM Disk。注意当前的根为“/boot”而非“/”。"xsave=1" "dom0_max_vcpus=1" "dom0_mem=1024M" 为 Xen Hypervisor，vmlinuz 的 Command Line Options。root=UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx rw quiet udev.log_priority=3 为 Dom 0 Kernel Command Line Options。
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```sh
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menuentry "Xen / Arch Linux kernel" --class manjaro --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
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savedefault
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load_video
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set gfxpayload=keep
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insmod gzio
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insmod part_msdos
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insmod ext2
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set root='hd0,msdos1'
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if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
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search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx
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else
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search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx
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fi
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multiboot2 /xen-4.12.1.gz "xsave=1" "dom0_max_vcpus=1" "dom0_mem=1024M"
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echo 'Loading kernel ...'
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module2 /vmlinuz-4.9-x86_64 root=UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx rw quiet udev.log_priority=3
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echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
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module2 /initramfs-4.9-x86_64.img
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}
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```
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## Systemd-boot 引导配置
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Systemd-boot 无法直接引导 xen-4.12.1.gz，并且配置其参数。但是 Systemd-boot 可以引导 efi 文件，因此可以先引导 xen-4.12.1.efi，再由 xen-4.12.1.efi 引导 Dom0 内核进行启动。xen-4.12.1.efi 需要一个配置文件用于配置 Dom0。但在此之前，先要编写 Systemd-boot 的 entry 文件 /boot/loader/entries/10-xen.conf 文件，用于引导 xen-4.12.1.efi：
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```sh
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title Xen Hypervisor
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efi /xen-4.12.1.efi
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```
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之后在 /boot 目录下创建 xen-4.12.1.cfg 文件用于配置 Dom0：
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```sh
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[global]
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default=xen
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[xen]
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options=loglvl=all noreboot=true reboot=no dom0_max_vcpus=3 dom0_mem=6000M
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ucode=intel-ucode.img
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kernel=vmlinuz-5.3-x86_64 root=PARTUUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx rw
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ramdisk=initramfs-5.3-x86_64.img
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```
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xen-4.12.1.efi 会按照一定规则查找 cfg 文件，首先会查找与自身同名但是扩展名为 cfg 的文件，最后会查找 xen.cfg 文件。更详细的规则可以参考官方帮助。
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## DomU
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DomU 的使用和配置请参考 [Xen DomU 配置与使用](Xen_DomU_配置与使用.md)
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## 参考资料
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<https://xenbits.xen.org/docs/unstable/misc/efi.html>
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<https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xen>
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