123 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
123 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
# Qt 使用技巧
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- [Qt 使用技巧](#qt-使用技巧)
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- [1. -platform](#1--platform)
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- [2. QT\_DEBUG\_PLUGINS](#2-qt_debug_plugins)
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- [3. Linux 下 Online Install](#3-linux-下-online-install)
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- [4. Online Install/MaintenanceTool 加速](#4-online-installmaintenancetool-加速)
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- [5. MaintenanceTool 添加/删除组件时只显示已安装的组件 或 无法正常升级组件](#5-maintenancetool-添加删除组件时只显示已安装的组件-或-无法正常升级组件)
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- [6. Linux Online Install 没有图标](#6-linux-online-install-没有图标)
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- [7. Qt Creator 代码检查](#7-qt-creator-代码检查)
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## 1. -platform
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在直行 Qt UI 程序时通过该参数可以直行所使用的平台和 UI 系统，如
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```bash
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./Example -platform wayland-egl
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```
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## 2. QT_DEBUG_PLUGINS
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在 Shell 中
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```bash
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export QT_DEBUG_PLUGINS=1
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```
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可在执行程序时打印 PLUGINS 信息，以确认某些插件是否被正确加载。
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## 3. Linux 下 Online Install
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```bash
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# 安装依赖软件
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sudo apt install libxcb-xinerama0
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# 安装下列软件包，否则出现：qt.qpa.plugin: Could not load the Qt platform plugin “xcb“ in ““ even though it was found.
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sudo apt install libxcb-icccm4
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# 如果编译测试项目，提示：Failed to find "GL/gl.h" in "/usr/include/libdrm".
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sudo apt install libgl1-mesa-dev
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# 下载在线安装工具，Qt 官网变更可能导致下列连接失效，此时请到 https://download.qt.io 自行获取下载连接。
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wget https://download.qt.io/official_releases/online_installers/qt-unified-linux-x64-online.run
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# 执行在线安装，并指定使用清华镜像进行加速。
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chmod +x ./qt-unified-linux-x64-online.run
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sudo ./qt-unified-linux-x64-online.run --mirror https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/qt
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```
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## 4. Online Install/MaintenanceTool 加速
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```bash
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# For Windows
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qt-unified-windows-x64-online.exe --mirror https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/qt
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MaintenanceTool.exe --mirror https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/qt
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# For Linux
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sudo ./qt-unified-linux-x64-online.run --mirror https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/qt
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sudo ./MaintenanceTool --mirror https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/qt
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```
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## 5. MaintenanceTool 添加/删除组件时只显示已安装的组件 或 无法正常升级组件
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原因是 MaintenanceTool 本地缓存没有更新，启动 MaintenanceTool 后点击右下角的“设置”按钮，点击“本地缓存->清空缓存”。再按正常流程添加/删除/升级 组件即可。
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## 6. Linux Online Install 没有图标
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需要手动创建 Desktop Entry：
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```bash
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sudo cp /opt/Qt/Tools/QtDesignStudio/share/icons/hicolor/* /usr/share/icons/hicolor
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cd /usr/share/icons/hicolor
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sudo gtk-update-icon-cache -f -t ./
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sudo touch org.qt-project.qtcreator.desktop
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sudo touch org.qt-project.qtdesignstudio.desktop
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sudo touch org.qt-project.maintenancetool.desktop
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```
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sudo 编辑三个 .desktop 文件，内容如下：
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```ini
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[Desktop Entry]
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Type=Application
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Exec=/opt/Qt/Tools/QtCreator/bin/qtcreator %F
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Name=Qt Creator
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GenericName=C++ IDE for developing Qt applications
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X-KDE-StartupNotify=true
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Icon=QtProject-qtcreator
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StartupWMClass=qtcreator
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Terminal=false
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Categories=Development;IDE;Qt;
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MimeType= text/x-c++src;text/x-c++hdr;text/x-xsrc;application/x-designer;application/vnd.qt.qmakeprofile;application/vnd.qt.xml.resource;
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```
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```ini
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[Desktop Entry]
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Type=Application
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Exec=/opt/Qt/Tools/QtDesignStudio/bin/qtdesignstudio
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Name=Qt Design Studio
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GenericName=Qt Design Studio
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X-KDE-StartupNotify=true
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Icon=QtProject-qtcreator
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StartupWMClass=qtdesignstudio
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Terminal=false
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Categories=Development;IDE;Qt;
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```
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```ini
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[Desktop Entry]
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Type=Application
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Exec=/opt/Qt/MaintenanceTool --mirror https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/qt
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Name=Qt Maintenance Tool
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GenericName=Qt Maintenance Tool
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X-KDE-StartupNotify=true
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Icon=QtProject-qtcreator
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StartupWMClass=MaintenanceTool
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Terminal=false
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Categories=Development;Qt;
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```
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## 7. Qt Creator 代码检查
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Qt Creator 通过 clangd 支持额外的语法补全、错误检测、跳转、格式化等等功能，该功能的开关在：编辑->首选项->C++->Clangd 使能 Use clangd。
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