324 lines
12 KiB
ReStructuredText
324 lines
12 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _west-workspaces:
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Workspaces
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##########
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This page describes the *west workspace* concept introduced in
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:ref:`west-basics` in more detail.
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.. _west-manifest-rev:
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The ``manifest-rev`` branch
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***************************
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West creates and controls a Git branch named ``manifest-rev`` in each
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project. This branch points to the revision that the manifest file
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specified for the project at the time :ref:`west-update` was last run.
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Other workspace management commands may use ``manifest-rev`` as a reference
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point for the upstream revision as of this latest update. Among other
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purposes, the ``manifest-rev`` branch allows the manifest file to use SHAs
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as project revisions.
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Although ``manifest-rev`` is a normal Git branch, west will recreate and/or
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reset it on the next update. For this reason, it is **dangerous**
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to check it out or otherwise modify it yourself. For instance, any commits
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you manually add to this branch may be lost the next time you run ``west
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update``. Instead, check out a local branch with another name, and either
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rebase it on top of a new ``manifest-rev``, or merge ``manifest-rev`` into
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it.
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.. note::
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West does not create a ``manifest-rev`` branch in the manifest repository,
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since west does not manage the manifest repository's branches or revisions.
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The ``refs/west/*`` Git refs
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****************************
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West also reserves all Git refs that begin with ``refs/west/`` (such as
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``refs/west/foo``) for itself in local project repositories. Unlike
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``manifest-rev``, these refs are not regular branches. West's behavior here is
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an implementation detail; users should not rely on these refs' existence or
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behavior.
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Private repositories
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********************
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You can use west to fetch from private repositories. There is nothing
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west-specific about this.
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The ``west update`` command essentially runs ``git fetch YOUR_PROJECT_URL``
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when a project's ``manifest-rev`` branch must be updated to a newly fetched
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commit. It's up to your environment to make sure the fetch succeeds.
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You can either enter the password manually or use any of the `credential
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helpers built in to Git`_. Since Git has credential storage built in, there is
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no need for a west-specific feature.
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The following sections cover common cases for running ``west update`` without
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having to enter your password, as well as how to troubleshoot issues.
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.. _credential helpers built in to Git:
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https://git-scm.com/docs/gitcredentials
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Fetching via HTTPS
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==================
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On Windows when fetching from GitHub, recent versions of Git prompt you for
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your GitHub password in a graphical window once, then store it for future use
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(in a default installation). Passwordless fetching from GitHub should therefore
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work "out of the box" on Windows after you have done it once.
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In general, you can store your credentials on disk using the "store" git
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credential helper. See the `git-credential-store`_ manual page for details.
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To use this helper for all the repositories in your workspace, run:
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.. code-block:: shell
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west forall -c "git config credential.helper store"
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To use this helper on just the projects ``foo`` and ``bar``, run:
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.. code-block:: shell
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west forall -c "git config credential.helper store" foo bar
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To use this helper by default on your computer, run:
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.. code-block:: shell
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git config --global credential.helper store
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On GitHub, you can set up a `personal access token`_ to use in place of your
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account password. (This may be required if your account has two-factor
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authentication enabled, and may be preferable to storing your account password
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in plain text even if two-factor authentication is disabled.)
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You can use the Git credential store to authenticate with a GitHub PAT
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(Personal Access Token) like so:
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.. code-block:: shell
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echo "https://x-access-token:$GH_TOKEN@github.com" >> ~/.git-credentials
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If you don't want to store any credentials on the file system, you can store
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them in memory temporarily using `git-credential-cache`_ instead.
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If you setup fetching via SSH, you can use Git URL rewrite feature. The following
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command instructs Git to use SSH URLs for GitHub instead of HTTPS ones:
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.. code-block:: shell
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git config --global url."git@github.com:".insteadOf "https://github.com/"
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.. _git-credential-store:
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https://git-scm.com/docs/git-credential-store#_examples
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.. _git-credential-cache:
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https://git-scm.com/docs/git-credential-cache
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.. _personal access token:
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https://docs.github.com/en/github/authenticating-to-github/creating-a-personal-access-token
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Fetching via SSH
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================
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If your SSH key has no password, fetching should just work. If it does have a
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password, you can avoid entering it manually every time using `ssh-agent`_.
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On GitHub, see `Connecting to GitHub with SSH`_ for details on configuration
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and key creation.
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.. _ssh-agent:
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https://www.ssh.com/ssh/agent
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.. _Connecting to GitHub with SSH:
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https://docs.github.com/en/github/authenticating-to-github/connecting-to-github-with-ssh
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Project locations
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*****************
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Projects can be located anywhere inside the workspace, but they may not
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"escape" it.
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In other words, project repositories need not be located in subdirectories of
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the manifest repository or as immediate subdirectories of the topdir. However,
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projects must have paths inside the workspace.
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You may replace a project's repository directory within the workspace with a
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symbolic link to elsewhere on your computer, but west will not do this for you.
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.. _west-topologies:
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Topologies supported
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********************
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The following are example source code topologies supported by west.
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- T1: star topology, zephyr is the manifest repository
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- T2: star topology, a Zephyr application is the manifest repository
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- T3: forest topology, freestanding manifest repository
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T1: Star topology, zephyr is the manifest repository
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====================================================
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- The zephyr repository acts as the central repository and specifies
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its :ref:`modules` in its :file:`west.yml`
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- Analogy with existing mechanisms: Git submodules with zephyr as the
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super-project
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This is the default. See :ref:`west-workspace` for how mainline Zephyr is an
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example of this topology.
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.. _west-t2:
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T2: Star topology, application is the manifest repository
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=========================================================
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- Useful for those focused on a single application
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- A repository containing a Zephyr application acts as the central repository
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and names other projects required to build it in its :file:`west.yml`. This
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includes the zephyr repository and any modules.
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- Analogy with existing mechanisms: Git submodules with the application as
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the super-project, zephyr and other projects as submodules
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A workspace using this topology looks like this:
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.. code-block:: none
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west-workspace/
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│
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├── application/ # .git/ │
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│ ├── CMakeLists.txt │
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│ ├── prj.conf │ never modified by west
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│ ├── src/ │
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│ │ └── main.c │
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│ └── west.yml # main manifest with optional import(s) and override(s)
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│ │
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├── modules/
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│ └── lib/
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│ └── tinycbor/ # .git/ project from either the main manifest or some import.
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│
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└── zephyr/ # .git/ project
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└── west.yml # This can be partially imported with lower precedence or ignored.
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# Only the 'manifest-rev' version can be imported.
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Here is an example :file:`application/west.yml` which uses
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:ref:`west-manifest-import`, available since west 0.7, to import Zephyr v2.5.0
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and its modules into the application manifest file:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# Example T2 west.yml, using manifest imports.
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manifest:
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remotes:
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- name: zephyrproject-rtos
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url-base: https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos
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projects:
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- name: zephyr
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remote: zephyrproject-rtos
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revision: v2.5.0
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import: true
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self:
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path: application
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You can still selectively "override" individual Zephyr modules if you use
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``import:`` in this way; see :ref:`west-manifest-ex1.3` for an example.
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Another way to do the same thing is to copy/paste :file:`zephyr/west.yml`
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to :file:`application/west.yml`, adding an entry for the zephyr
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project itself, like this:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# Equivalent to the above, but with manually maintained Zephyr modules.
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manifest:
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remotes:
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- name: zephyrproject-rtos
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url-base: https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos
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defaults:
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remote: zephyrproject-rtos
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projects:
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- name: zephyr
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revision: v2.5.0
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west-commands: scripts/west-commands.yml
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- name: net-tools
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revision: some-sha-goes-here
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path: tools/net-tools
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# ... other Zephyr modules go here ...
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self:
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path: application
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(The ``west-commands`` is there for :ref:`west-build-flash-debug` and other
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Zephyr-specific :ref:`west-extensions`. It's not necessary when using
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``import``.)
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The main advantage to using ``import`` is not having to track the revisions of
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imported projects separately. In the above example, using ``import`` means
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Zephyr's :ref:`module <modules>` versions are automatically determined from the
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:file:`zephyr/west.yml` revision, instead of having to be copy/pasted (and
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maintained) on their own.
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T3: Forest topology
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===================
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- Useful for those supporting multiple independent applications or downstream
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distributions with no "central" repository
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- A dedicated manifest repository which contains no Zephyr source code,
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and specifies a list of projects all at the same "level"
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- Analogy with existing mechanisms: Google repo-based source distribution
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A workspace using this topology looks like this:
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.. code-block:: none
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west-workspace/
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├── app1/ # .git/ project
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│ ├── CMakeLists.txt
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│ ├── prj.conf
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│ └── src/
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│ └── main.c
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├── app2/ # .git/ project
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│ ├── CMakeLists.txt
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│ ├── prj.conf
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│ └── src/
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│ └── main.c
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├── manifest-repo/ # .git/ never modified by west
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│ └── west.yml # main manifest with optional import(s) and override(s)
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├── modules/
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│ └── lib/
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│ └── tinycbor/ # .git/ project from either the main manifest or
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│ # from some import
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│
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└── zephyr/ # .git/ project
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└── west.yml # This can be partially imported with lower precedence or ignored.
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# Only the 'manifest-rev' version can be imported.
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Here is an example T3 :file:`manifest-repo/west.yml` which uses
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:ref:`west-manifest-import`, available since west 0.7, to import Zephyr
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v2.5.0 and its modules, then add the ``app1`` and ``app2`` projects:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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manifest:
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remotes:
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- name: zephyrproject-rtos
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url-base: https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos
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- name: your-git-server
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url-base: https://git.example.com/your-company
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defaults:
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remote: your-git-server
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projects:
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- name: zephyr
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remote: zephyrproject-rtos
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revision: v2.5.0
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import: true
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- name: app1
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revision: SOME_SHA_OR_BRANCH_OR_TAG
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- name: app2
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revision: ANOTHER_SHA_OR_BRANCH_OR_TAG
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self:
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path: manifest-repo
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You can also do this "by hand" by copy/pasting :file:`zephyr/west.yml`
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as shown :ref:`above <west-t2>` for the T2 topology, with the same caveats.
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