261 lines
13 KiB
ReStructuredText
261 lines
13 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _optimization_tools:
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Optimization Tools
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##################
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The available optimization tools let you analyse :ref:`footprint_tools`
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and :ref:`data_structures` using different build system targets.
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.. _footprint_tools:
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Footprint and Memory Usage
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**************************
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The build system offers 3 targets to view and analyse RAM, ROM and stack usage
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in generated images. The tools run on the final image and give information
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about size of symbols and code being used in both RAM and ROM. Additionally,
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with features available through the compiler, we can also generate worst-case
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stack usage analysis.
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Some of the tools mentioned in this section are organizing their output based
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on the physical organization of the symbols. As some symbols might be external
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to the project's tree structure, or might lack metadata needed to display them
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by name, the following top-level containers are used to group such symbols:
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* Hidden - The RAM and ROM reports list all processing symbols with no matching
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mapped files in the Hidden category.
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This means that the file for the listed symbol was not added to the metadata file,
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was empty, or was undefined. The tool was unable to get the name
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of the function for the given symbol nor identify where it comes from.
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* No paths - The RAM and ROM reports list all processing symbols with relative paths
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in the No paths category.
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This means that the listed symbols cannot be placed in the tree structure
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of the report at an absolute path under one specific file. The tool was able
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to get the name of the function, but it was unable to identify where it comes from.
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.. note::
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You can have multiple cases of the same function, and the No paths category
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will list the sum of these in one entry.
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Build Target: ram_report
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========================
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List all compiled objects and their RAM usage in a tabular form with bytes
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per symbol and the percentage it uses. The data is grouped based on the file
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system location of the object in the tree and the file containing the symbol.
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Use the ``ram_report`` target with your board, as in the following example.
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.. zephyr-app-commands::
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:tool: all
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:app: samples/hello_world
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:board: reel_board
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:goals: ram_report
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These commands will generate something similar to the output below::
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Path Size %
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========================================================================================
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Root 4637 100.00%
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├── (hidden) 4 0.09%
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├── (no paths) 2748 59.26%
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│ ├── _cpus_active 4 0.09%
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│ ├── _kernel 32 0.69%
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│ ├── _sw_isr_table 384 8.28%
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│ ├── cli.1 16 0.35%
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│ ├── on.2 4 0.09%
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│ ├── poll_out_lock.0 4 0.09%
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│ ├── z_idle_threads 128 2.76%
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│ ├── z_interrupt_stacks 2048 44.17%
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│ └── z_main_thread 128 2.76%
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├── WORKSPACE 184 3.97%
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│ └── modules 184 3.97%
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│ └── hal 184 3.97%
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│ └── nordic 184 3.97%
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│ └── nrfx 184 3.97%
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│ └── drivers 184 3.97%
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│ └── src 184 3.97%
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│ ├── nrfx_clock.c 8 0.17%
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│ │ └── m_clock_cb 8 0.17%
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│ ├── nrfx_gpiote.c 132 2.85%
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│ │ └── m_cb 132 2.85%
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│ ├── nrfx_ppi.c 4 0.09%
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│ │ └── m_channels_allocated 4 0.09%
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│ └── nrfx_twim.c 40 0.86%
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│ └── m_cb 40 0.86%
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└── ZEPHYR_BASE 1701 36.68%
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├── arch 5 0.11%
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│ └── arm 5 0.11%
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│ └── core 5 0.11%
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│ ├── mpu 1 0.02%
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│ │ └── arm_mpu.c 1 0.02%
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│ │ └── static_regions_num 1 0.02%
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│ └── tls.c 4 0.09%
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│ └── z_arm_tls_ptr 4 0.09%
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├── drivers 258 5.56%
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│ ├── ... ... ...%
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========================================================================================
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4637
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Build Target: rom_report
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========================
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List all compiled objects and their ROM usage in a tabular form with bytes
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per symbol and the percentage it uses. The data is grouped based on the file
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system location of the object in the tree and the file containing the symbol.
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Use the ``rom_report`` target with your board, as in the following example.
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.. zephyr-app-commands::
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:tool: all
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:app: samples/hello_world
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:board: reel_board
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:goals: rom_report
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These commands will generate something similar to the output below::
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Path Size %
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========================================================================================
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Root 21652 100.00%
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├── ... ... ...%
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└── ZEPHYR_BASE 13378 61.79%
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├── arch 1718 7.93%
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│ └── arm 1718 7.93%
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│ └── core 1718 7.93%
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│ ├── cortex_m 1020 4.71%
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│ │ ├── fault.c 620 2.86%
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│ │ │ ├── bus_fault.constprop.0 108 0.50%
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│ │ │ ├── mem_manage_fault.constprop.0 120 0.55%
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│ │ │ ├── usage_fault.constprop.0 84 0.39%
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│ │ │ ├── z_arm_fault 292 1.35%
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│ │ │ └── z_arm_fault_init 16 0.07%
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│ │ ├── ... ... ...%
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├── boards 32 0.15%
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│ └── arm 32 0.15%
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│ └── reel_board 32 0.15%
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│ └── board.c 32 0.15%
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│ ├── __init_board_reel_board_init 8 0.04%
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│ └── board_reel_board_init 24 0.11%
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├── build 194 0.90%
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│ └── zephyr 194 0.90%
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│ ├── isr_tables.c 192 0.89%
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│ │ └── _irq_vector_table 192 0.89%
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│ └── misc 2 0.01%
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│ └── generated 2 0.01%
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│ └── configs.c 2 0.01%
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│ └── _ConfigAbsSyms 2 0.01%
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├── drivers 6162 28.46%
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│ ├── ... ... ...%
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========================================================================================
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21652
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Build Target: puncover
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======================
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This target uses a third-party tool called puncover which can be found at
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https://github.com/HBehrens/puncover. When this target is built, it will
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launch a local web server which will allow you to open a web client and browse
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the files and view their ROM, RAM, and stack usage.
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Before you can use this
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target, install the puncover Python module::
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pip3 install git+https://github.com/HBehrens/puncover --user
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.. warning::
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This is a third-party tool that might or might not be working at any given
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time. Please check the GitHub issues, and report new problems to the
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project maintainer.
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After you installed the Python module, use ``puncover`` target with your board,
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as in the following example.
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.. zephyr-app-commands::
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:tool: all
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:app: samples/hello_world
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:board: reel_board
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:goals: puncover
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To view worst-case stack usage analysis, build this with the
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:kconfig:option:`CONFIG_STACK_USAGE` enabled.
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.. zephyr-app-commands::
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:tool: all
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:app: samples/hello_world
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:board: reel_board
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:goals: puncover
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:gen-args: -DCONFIG_STACK_USAGE=y
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.. _data_structures:
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Data Structures
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****************
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Build Target: pahole
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=====================
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Poke-a-hole (pahole) is an object-file analysis tool to find the size of
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the data structures, and the holes caused due to aligning the data
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elements to the word-size of the CPU by the compiler.
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Poke-a-hole (pahole) must be installed prior to using this target. It can be
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obtained from https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/devel/pahole/pahole.git and is
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available in the dwarves package in both fedora and ubuntu::
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sudo apt-get install dwarves
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Alternatively, you can get it from fedora::
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sudo dnf install dwarves
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After you installed the package, use ``pahole`` target with your board,
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as in the following example.
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.. zephyr-app-commands::
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:tool: all
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:app: samples/hello_world
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:board: reel_board
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:goals: pahole
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Pahole will generate something similar to the output below in the console::
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/* Used at: zephyr/isr_tables.c */
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/* <80> ../include/sw_isr_table.h:30 */
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struct _isr_table_entry {
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void * arg; /* 0 4 */
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void (*isr)(void *); /* 4 4 */
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/* size: 8, cachelines: 1, members: 2 */
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/* last cacheline: 8 bytes */
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};
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/* Used at: zephyr/isr_tables.c */
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/* <eb> ../include/arch/arm/aarch32/cortex_m/mpu/arm_mpu_v7m.h:134 */
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struct arm_mpu_region_attr {
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uint32_t rasr; /* 0 4 */
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/* size: 4, cachelines: 1, members: 1 */
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/* last cacheline: 4 bytes */
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};
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/* Used at: zephyr/isr_tables.c */
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/* <112> ../include/arch/arm/aarch32/cortex_m/mpu/arm_mpu.h:24 */
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struct arm_mpu_region {
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uint32_t base; /* 0 4 */
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const char * name; /* 4 4 */
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arm_mpu_region_attr_t attr; /* 8 4 */
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/* size: 12, cachelines: 1, members: 3 */
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/* last cacheline: 12 bytes */
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};
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...
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...
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