zephyr/include/sys/arch_interface.h

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2019 Intel Corporation.
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 */

/**
 * @defgroup arch-interface Architecture Interface
 * @brief Internal kernel APIs with public scope
 *
 * Any public kernel APIs that are implemented as inline functions and need to
 * call architecture-specific API so will have the prototypes for the
 * architecture-specific APIs here. Architecture APIs that aren't used in this
 * way go in kernel/include/kernel_arch_interface.h.
 *
 * The set of architecture-specific APIs used internally by public macros and
 * inline functions in public headers are also specified and documented.
 *
 * For all macros and inline function prototypes described herein, <arch/cpu.h>
 * must eventually pull in full definitions for all of them (the actual macro
 * defines and inline function bodies)
 *
 * include/kernel.h and other public headers depend on definitions in this
 * header.
 */
#ifndef ZEPHYR_INCLUDE_SYS_ARCH_INTERFACE_H_
#define ZEPHYR_INCLUDE_SYS_ARCH_INTERFACE_H_

#ifndef _ASMLANGUAGE
#include <toolchain.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <zephyr/types.h>
#include <arch/cpu.h>
#include <irq_offload.h>

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/* NOTE: We cannot pull in kernel.h here, need some forward declarations  */
struct k_thread;
struct k_mem_domain;

typedef struct z_thread_stack_element k_thread_stack_t;

typedef void (*k_thread_entry_t)(void *p1, void *p2, void *p3);

/**
 * @defgroup arch-timing Architecture timing APIs
 * @ingroup arch-interface
 * @{
 */

/**
 * Obtain the current cycle count, in units that are hardware-specific
 *
 * @see k_cycle_get_32()
 */
static inline uint32_t arch_k_cycle_get_32(void);

/** @} */


/**
 * @addtogroup arch-threads
 * @{
 */

/**
 * @def ARCH_THREAD_STACK_DEFINE(sym, size)
 *
 * @see K_THREAD_STACK_DEFINE()
 */

/**
 * @def ARCH_THREAD_STACK_ARRAY_DEFINE(sym, size)
 *
 * @see K_THREAD_STACK_ARRAY_DEFINE()
 */

/**
 * @def ARCH_THREAD_STACK_LEN(size)
 *
 * @see K_THREAD_STACK_LEN()
 */

/**
 * @def ARCH_THREAD_STACK_MEMBER(sym, size)
 *
 * @see K_THREAD_STACK_MEMBER()
 */

/*
 * @def ARCH_THREAD_STACK_SIZEOF(sym)
 *
 * @see K_THREAD_STACK_SIZEOF()
 */

/**
 * @def ARCH_THREAD_STACK_RESERVED
 *
 * @see K_THREAD_STACK_RESERVED
 */

/**
 * @def ARCH_THREAD_STACK_BUFFER(sym)
 *
 * @see K_THREAD_STACK_RESERVED
 */

/**
 * @def ARCH_STACK_PTR_ALIGN
 *
 * Required alignment of the CPU's stack pointer register value, dictated by
 * hardware constraints and the ABI calling convention.
 *
 * @see Z_STACK_PTR_ALIGN
 */
/** @} */

/**
 * @addtogroup arch-pm
 * @{
 */

/**
 * @brief Power save idle routine
 *
 * This function will be called by the kernel idle loop or possibly within
 * an implementation of z_sys_power_save_idle in the kernel when the
 * '_sys_power_save_flag' variable is non-zero.
 *
 * Architectures that do not implement power management instructions may
 * immediately return, otherwise a power-saving instruction should be
 * issued to wait for an interrupt.
 *
 * @note The function is expected to return after the interrupt that has
 * caused the CPU to exit power-saving mode has been serviced, although
 * this is not a firm requirement.
 *
 * @see k_cpu_idle()
 */
void arch_cpu_idle(void);

/**
 * @brief Atomically re-enable interrupts and enter low power mode
 *
 * The requirements for arch_cpu_atomic_idle() are as follows:
 *
 * -# Enabling interrupts and entering a low-power mode needs to be
 *    atomic, i.e. there should be no period of time where interrupts are
 *    enabled before the processor enters a low-power mode.  See the comments
 *    in k_lifo_get(), for example, of the race condition that
 *    occurs if this requirement is not met.
 *
 * -# After waking up from the low-power mode, the interrupt lockout state
 *    must be restored as indicated in the 'key' input parameter.
 *
 * @see k_cpu_atomic_idle()
 *
 * @param key Lockout key returned by previous invocation of arch_irq_lock()
 */
void arch_cpu_atomic_idle(unsigned int key);

/** @} */


/**
 * @addtogroup arch-smp
 * @{
 */

/**
 * Per-cpu entry function
 *
 * @param context parameter, implementation specific
 */
typedef FUNC_NORETURN void (*arch_cpustart_t)(void *data);

/**
 * @brief Start a numbered CPU on a MP-capable system
 *
 * This starts and initializes a specific CPU.  The main thread on startup is
 * running on CPU zero, other processors are numbered sequentially.  On return
 * from this function, the CPU is known to have begun operating and will enter
 * the provided function.  Its interrupts will be initialized but disabled such
 * that irq_unlock() with the provided key will work to enable them.
 *
 * Normally, in SMP mode this function will be called by the kernel
 * initialization and should not be used as a user API.  But it is defined here
 * for special-purpose apps which want Zephyr running on one core and to use
 * others for design-specific processing.
 *
 * @param cpu_num Integer number of the CPU
 * @param stack Stack memory for the CPU
 * @param sz Stack buffer size, in bytes
 * @param fn Function to begin running on the CPU.
 * @param arg Untyped argument to be passed to "fn"
 */
void arch_start_cpu(int cpu_num, k_thread_stack_t *stack, int sz,
		    arch_cpustart_t fn, void *arg);
/** @} */


/**
 * @addtogroup arch-irq
 * @{
 */

/**
 * Lock interrupts on the current CPU
 *
 * @see irq_lock()
 */
static inline unsigned int arch_irq_lock(void);

/**
 * Unlock interrupts on the current CPU
 *
 * @see irq_unlock()
 */
static inline void arch_irq_unlock(unsigned int key);

/**
 * Test if calling arch_irq_unlock() with this key would unlock irqs
 *
 * @param key value returned by arch_irq_lock()
 * @return true if interrupts were unlocked prior to the arch_irq_lock()
 * call that produced the key argument.
 */
static inline bool arch_irq_unlocked(unsigned int key);

/**
 * Disable the specified interrupt line
 *
 * @see irq_disable()
 */
void arch_irq_disable(unsigned int irq);

/**
 * Enable the specified interrupt line
 *
 * @see irq_enable()
 */
void arch_irq_enable(unsigned int irq);

/**
 * Test if an interrupt line is enabled
 *
 * @see irq_is_enabled()
 */
int arch_irq_is_enabled(unsigned int irq);

/**
 * Arch-specific hook to install a dynamic interrupt.
 *
 * @param irq IRQ line number
 * @param priority Interrupt priority
 * @param routine Interrupt service routine
 * @param parameter ISR parameter
 * @param flags Arch-specific IRQ configuration flag
 *
 * @return The vector assigned to this interrupt
 */
int arch_irq_connect_dynamic(unsigned int irq, unsigned int priority,
			     void (*routine)(void *parameter),
			     void *parameter, uint32_t flags);

/**
 * @def ARCH_IRQ_CONNECT(irq, pri, isr, arg, flags)
 *
 * @see IRQ_CONNECT()
 */

/**
 * @def ARCH_IRQ_DIRECT_CONNECT(irq_p, priority_p, isr_p, flags_p)
 *
 * @see IRQ_DIRECT_CONNECT()
 */

/**
 * @def ARCH_ISR_DIRECT_PM()
 *
 * @see ISR_DIRECT_PM()
 */

/**
 * @def ARCH_ISR_DIRECT_HEADER()
 *
 * @see ISR_DIRECT_HEADER()
 */

/**
 * @def ARCH_ISR_DIRECT_FOOTER(swap)
 *
 * @see ISR_DIRECT_FOOTER()
 */

/**
 * @def ARCH_ISR_DIRECT_DECLARE(name)
 *
 * @see ISR_DIRECT_DECLARE()
 */

/**
 * @def ARCH_EXCEPT(reason_p)
 *
 * Generate a software induced fatal error.
 *
 * If the caller is running in user mode, only K_ERR_KERNEL_OOPS or
 * K_ERR_STACK_CHK_FAIL may be induced.
 *
 * This should ideally generate a software trap, with exception context
 * indicating state when this was invoked. General purpose register state at
 * the time of trap should not be disturbed from the calling context.
 *
 * @param reason_p K_ERR_ scoped reason code for the fatal error.
 */

#ifdef CONFIG_IRQ_OFFLOAD
/**
 * Run a function in interrupt context.
 *
 * Implementations should invoke an exception such that the kernel goes through
 * its interrupt handling dispatch path, to include switching to the interrupt
 * stack, and runs the provided routine and parameter.
 *
 * The only intended use-case for this function is for test code to simulate
 * the correctness of kernel APIs in interrupt handling context. This API
 * is not intended for real applications.
 *
 * @see irq_offload()
 *
 * @param routine Function to run in interrupt context
 * @param parameter Value to pass to the function when invoked
 */
void arch_irq_offload(irq_offload_routine_t routine, void *parameter);
#endif /* CONFIG_IRQ_OFFLOAD */

/** @} */


/**
 * @defgroup arch-smp Architecture-specific SMP APIs
 * @ingroup arch-interface
 * @{
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/** Return the CPU struct for the currently executing CPU */
static inline struct _cpu *arch_curr_cpu(void);

/**
 * Broadcast an interrupt to all CPUs
 *
 * This will invoke z_sched_ipi() on other CPUs in the system.
 */
void arch_sched_ipi(void);
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */

/** @} */


/**
 * @defgroup arch-userspace Architecture-specific userspace APIs
 * @ingroup arch-interface
 * @{
 */

#ifdef CONFIG_USERSPACE
/**
 * Invoke a system call with 0 arguments.
 *
 * No general-purpose register state other than return value may be preserved
 * when transitioning from supervisor mode back down to user mode for
 * security reasons.
 *
 * It is required that all arguments be stored in registers when elevating
 * privileges from user to supervisor mode.
 *
 * Processing of the syscall takes place on a separate kernel stack. Interrupts
 * should be enabled when invoking the system call marshallers from the
 * dispatch table. Thread preemption may occur when handling system calls.
 *
 * Call ids are untrusted and must be bounds-checked, as the value is used to
 * index the system call dispatch table, containing function pointers to the
 * specific system call code.
 *
 * @param call_id System call ID
 * @return Return value of the system call. Void system calls return 0 here.
 */
static inline uintptr_t arch_syscall_invoke0(uintptr_t call_id);

/**
 * Invoke a system call with 1 argument.
 *
 * @see arch_syscall_invoke0()
 *
 * @param arg1 First argument to the system call.
 * @param call_id System call ID, will be bounds-checked and used to reference
 *	          kernel-side dispatch table
 * @return Return value of the system call. Void system calls return 0 here.
 */
static inline uintptr_t arch_syscall_invoke1(uintptr_t arg1,
					     uintptr_t call_id);

/**
 * Invoke a system call with 2 arguments.
 *
 * @see arch_syscall_invoke0()
 *
 * @param arg1 First argument to the system call.
 * @param arg2 Second argument to the system call.
 * @param call_id System call ID, will be bounds-checked and used to reference
 *	          kernel-side dispatch table
 * @return Return value of the system call. Void system calls return 0 here.
 */
static inline uintptr_t arch_syscall_invoke2(uintptr_t arg1, uintptr_t arg2,
					     uintptr_t call_id);

/**
 * Invoke a system call with 3 arguments.
 *
 * @see arch_syscall_invoke0()
 *
 * @param arg1 First argument to the system call.
 * @param arg2 Second argument to the system call.
 * @param arg3 Third argument to the system call.
 * @param call_id System call ID, will be bounds-checked and used to reference
 *	          kernel-side dispatch table
 * @return Return value of the system call. Void system calls return 0 here.
 */
static inline uintptr_t arch_syscall_invoke3(uintptr_t arg1, uintptr_t arg2,
					     uintptr_t arg3,
					     uintptr_t call_id);

/**
 * Invoke a system call with 4 arguments.
 *
 * @see arch_syscall_invoke0()
 *
 * @param arg1 First argument to the system call.
 * @param arg2 Second argument to the system call.
 * @param arg3 Third argument to the system call.
 * @param arg4 Fourth argument to the system call.
 * @param call_id System call ID, will be bounds-checked and used to reference
 *	          kernel-side dispatch table
 * @return Return value of the system call. Void system calls return 0 here.
 */
static inline uintptr_t arch_syscall_invoke4(uintptr_t arg1, uintptr_t arg2,
					     uintptr_t arg3, uintptr_t arg4,
					     uintptr_t call_id);

/**
 * Invoke a system call with 5 arguments.
 *
 * @see arch_syscall_invoke0()
 *
 * @param arg1 First argument to the system call.
 * @param arg2 Second argument to the system call.
 * @param arg3 Third argument to the system call.
 * @param arg4 Fourth argument to the system call.
 * @param arg5 Fifth argument to the system call.
 * @param call_id System call ID, will be bounds-checked and used to reference
 *	          kernel-side dispatch table
 * @return Return value of the system call. Void system calls return 0 here.
 */
static inline uintptr_t arch_syscall_invoke5(uintptr_t arg1, uintptr_t arg2,
					     uintptr_t arg3, uintptr_t arg4,
					     uintptr_t arg5,
					     uintptr_t call_id);

/**
 * Invoke a system call with 6 arguments.
 *
 * @see arch_syscall_invoke0()
 *
 * @param arg1 First argument to the system call.
 * @param arg2 Second argument to the system call.
 * @param arg3 Third argument to the system call.
 * @param arg4 Fourth argument to the system call.
 * @param arg5 Fifth argument to the system call.
 * @param arg6 Sixth argument to the system call.
 * @param call_id System call ID, will be bounds-checked and used to reference
 *	          kernel-side dispatch table
 * @return Return value of the system call. Void system calls return 0 here.
 */
static inline uintptr_t arch_syscall_invoke6(uintptr_t arg1, uintptr_t arg2,
					     uintptr_t arg3, uintptr_t arg4,
					     uintptr_t arg5, uintptr_t arg6,
					     uintptr_t call_id);

/**
 * Indicate whether we are currently running in user mode
 *
 * @return true if the CPU is currently running with user permissions
 */
static inline bool arch_is_user_context(void);

/**
 * @brief Get the maximum number of partitions for a memory domain
 *
 * @return Max number of partitions, or -1 if there is no limit
 */
int arch_mem_domain_max_partitions_get(void);

/**
 * @brief Add a thread to a memory domain (arch-specific)
 *
 * Architecture-specific hook to manage internal data structures or hardware
 * state when the provided thread has been added to a memory domain.
 *
 * The thread's memory domain pointer will be set to the domain to be added
 * to.
 *
 * @param thread Thread which needs to be configured.
 */
void arch_mem_domain_thread_add(struct k_thread *thread);

/**
 * @brief Remove a thread from a memory domain (arch-specific)
 *
 * Architecture-specific hook to manage internal data structures or hardware
 * state when the provided thread has been removed from a memory domain.
 *
 * The thread's memory domain pointer will be the domain that the thread
 * is being removed from.
 *
 * @param thread Thread being removed from its memory domain
 */
void arch_mem_domain_thread_remove(struct k_thread *thread);

/**
 * @brief Remove a partition from the memory domain (arch-specific)
 *
 * Architecture-specific hook to manage internal data structures or hardware
 * state when a memory domain has had a partition removed.
 *
 * The partition index data, and the number of partitions configured, are not
 * respectively cleared and decremented in the domain until after this function
 * runs.
 *
 * @param domain The memory domain structure
 * @param partition_id The partition index that needs to be deleted
 */
void arch_mem_domain_partition_remove(struct k_mem_domain *domain,
				      uint32_t partition_id);

/**
 * @brief Add a partition to the memory domain
 *
 * Architecture-specific hook to manage internal data structures or hardware
 * state when a memory domain has a partition added.
 *
 * @param domain The memory domain structure
 * @param partition_id The partition that needs to be added
 */
void arch_mem_domain_partition_add(struct k_mem_domain *domain,
				   uint32_t partition_id);

/**
 * @brief Remove the memory domain
 *
 * Architecture-specific hook to manage internal data structures or hardware
 * state when a memory domain has been destroyed.
 *
 * Thread assignments to the memory domain are only cleared after this function
 * runs.
 *
 * @param domain The memory domain structure which needs to be deleted.
 */
void arch_mem_domain_destroy(struct k_mem_domain *domain);

/**
 * @brief Check memory region permissions
 *
 * Given a memory region, return whether the current memory management hardware
 * configuration would allow a user thread to read/write that region. Used by
 * system calls to validate buffers coming in from userspace.
 *
 * Notes:
 * The function is guaranteed to never return validation success, if the entire
 * buffer area is not user accessible.
 *
 * The function is guaranteed to correctly validate the permissions of the
 * supplied buffer, if the user access permissions of the entire buffer are
 * enforced by a single, enabled memory management region.
 *
 * In some architectures the validation will always return failure
 * if the supplied memory buffer spans multiple enabled memory management
 * regions (even if all such regions permit user access).
 *
 * @warning 0 size buffer has undefined behavior.
 *
 * @param addr start address of the buffer
 * @param size the size of the buffer
 * @param write If nonzero, additionally check if the area is writable.
 *	  Otherwise, just check if the memory can be read.
 *
 * @return nonzero if the permissions don't match.
 */
int arch_buffer_validate(void *addr, size_t size, int write);

/**
 * Perform a one-way transition from supervisor to kernel mode.
 *
 * Implementations of this function must do the following:
 *
 * - Reset the thread's stack pointer to a suitable initial value. We do not
 *   need any prior context since this is a one-way operation.
 * - Set up any kernel stack region for the CPU to use during privilege
 *   elevation
 * - Put the CPU in whatever its equivalent of user mode is
 * - Transfer execution to arch_new_thread() passing along all the supplied
 *   arguments, in user mode.
 *
 * @param user_entry Entry point to start executing as a user thread
 * @param p1 1st parameter to user thread
 * @param p2 2nd parameter to user thread
 * @param p3 3rd parameter to user thread
 */
FUNC_NORETURN void arch_user_mode_enter(k_thread_entry_t user_entry,
					void *p1, void *p2, void *p3);

/**
 * @brief Induce a kernel oops that appears to come from a specific location
 *
 * Normally, k_oops() generates an exception that appears to come from the
 * call site of the k_oops() itself.
 *
 * However, when validating arguments to a system call, if there are problems
 * we want the oops to appear to come from where the system call was invoked
 * and not inside the validation function.
 *
 * @param ssf System call stack frame pointer. This gets passed as an argument
 *            to _k_syscall_handler_t functions and its contents are completely
 *            architecture specific.
 */
FUNC_NORETURN void arch_syscall_oops(void *ssf);

/**
 * @brief Safely take the length of a potentially bad string
 *
 * This must not fault, instead the err parameter must have -1 written to it.
 * This function otherwise should work exactly like libc strnlen(). On success
 * *err should be set to 0.
 *
 * @param s String to measure
 * @param maxsize Max length of the string
 * @param err Error value to write
 * @return Length of the string, not counting NULL byte, up to maxsize
 */
size_t arch_user_string_nlen(const char *s, size_t maxsize, int *err);
#endif /* CONFIG_USERSPACE */

/** @} */

/**
 * @defgroup arch-benchmarking Architecture-specific benchmarking globals
 * @ingroup arch-interface
 * @{
 */

#ifdef CONFIG_EXECUTION_BENCHMARKING
extern uint64_t arch_timing_swap_start;
extern uint64_t arch_timing_swap_end;
extern uint64_t arch_timing_irq_start;
extern uint64_t arch_timing_irq_end;
extern uint64_t arch_timing_tick_start;
extern uint64_t arch_timing_tick_end;
extern uint64_t arch_timing_user_mode_end;
extern uint32_t arch_timing_value_swap_end;
extern uint64_t arch_timing_value_swap_common;
extern uint64_t arch_timing_value_swap_temp;
#endif /* CONFIG_EXECUTION_BENCHMARKING */

/** @} */

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif /* __cplusplus */

#include <arch/arch_inlines.h>

#endif /* _ASMLANGUAGE */

#endif /* ZEPHYR_INCLUDE_SYS_ARCH_INTERFACE_H_ */