zephyr/doc/releases/migration-guide-3.5.rst

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.. _migration_3.5:
Migration guide to Zephyr v3.5.0
################################
This document describes the changes required or recommended when migrating your
application from Zephyr v3.4.0 to Zephyr v3.5.0.
Any other changes (not directly related to migrating applications) can be found in
the :ref:`release notes<zephyr_3.5>`.
Required changes
****************
Kernel
======
* The kernel :c:func:`k_mem_slab_free` function has changed its signature, now
taking a ``void *mem`` pointer instead of a ``void **mem`` double-pointer.
The new signature will not immediately trigger a compiler error or warning,
instead likely causing a invalid memory access at runtime. A new ``_ASSERT``
statement, that you can enable with :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_ASSERT`, will
detect if you pass the function memory not belonging to the memory blocks in
the slab.
* :c:macro:`CONTAINER_OF` now performs type checking, this was very commonly
misused to obtain user structure from :c:struct:`k_work` pointers without
passing from :c:struct:`k_work_delayable`. This would now result in a build
error and have to be done correctly using
:c:func:`k_work_delayable_from_work`.
C Library
=========
* The default C library used on most targets has changed from the built-in
minimal C library to Picolibc. While both provide standard C library
interfaces and shouldn't cause any behavioral regressions for applications,
there are a few side effects to be aware of when migrating to Picolibc.
* Picolibc enables thread local storage
(:kconfig:option:`CONFIG_THREAD_LOCAL_STORAGE`) where supported. This
changes some internal operations within the kernel that improve
performance using some TLS variables. Zephyr places TLS variables in the
memory reserved for the stack, so stack usage for every thread will
increase by 8-16 bytes.
* Picolibc uses the same malloc implementation as the minimal C library, but
the default heap size depends on which C library is in use. When using the
minimal C library, the default heap is zero bytes, which means that malloc
will always fail. When using Picolibc, the default is 16kB with
:kconfig:option:`CONFIG_MMU` or :kconfig:option:`ARCH_POSIX`, 2kB with
:kconfig:option:`CONFIG_USERSPACE` and
:kconfig:option:`CONFIG_MPU_REQUIRES_POWER_OF_TWO_ALIGNMENT`. For all
other targets, the default heap uses all remaining memory on the system.
You can change this by adjusting
:kconfig:option:`CONFIG_COMMON_LIBC_MALLOC_ARENA_SIZE`.
* Picolibc can either be built as part of the OS build or pulled from the
toolchain. When building as part of the OS, the build will increase by
approximately 1000 files.
* When using the standard C++ library with Picolibc, both of those must come
from the toolchain as the standard C++ library depends upon the C library
ABI.
* Picolibc removes the ``-ffreestanding`` compiler option. This allows
significant compiler optimization improvements, but also means that the
compiler will now warn about declarations of `main` which don't conform to
the Zephyr required type -- ``int main(void)``.
* Picolibc has four different printf/scanf variants supported in Zephyr,
'double', 'long long', 'integer', and 'minimal. 'double' offers a
complete printf implementation with exact floating point in decimal and
hexadecimal formats, full integer support including long long, C99
integer size specifiers (j, z, t) and POSIX positional arguments. 'long
long' mode removes float support, 'integer' removes long long support
while 'minimal' mode also removes support for format modifiers and
positional arguments. Building the library as a module allows finer
control over the feature set provided at each level.
* Picolibc's default floating point input/output code is larger than the
minimal C library version (this is necessary to conform with the C
language "round trip" requirements for these operations). If you use
:kconfig:option:`CONFIG_CBPRINTF_FP_SUPPORT`, you will see increased
memory usage unless you also disable
:kconfig:option:`CONFIG_PICOLIBC_IO_FLOAT_EXACT`, which switches Picolibc
to a smaller, but inexact conversion algorithm. This requires building
Picolibc as a module.
Optional Modules
================
The following modules have been made optional and are not downloaded with `west update` by default anymore:
* ``chre``
* ``lz4``
* ``nanopb``
* ``psa-arch-tests``
* ``sof``
* ``tf-m-tests``
* ``tflite-micro``
* ``thrift``
* ``zscilib``
To enable them again use the ``west config manifest.project-filter -- +<module
name>`` command, or ``west config manifest.group-filter -- +optional`` to
enable all optional modules, and then run ``west update`` again.
Device Drivers and Device Tree
==============================
* ``zephyr,memory-region-mpu`` was renamed ``zephyr,memory-attr`` and its type
moved from 'enum' to 'int'. To have a seamless conversion this is the
required change in the DT:
.. code-block:: none
- "RAM" -> <( DT_MEM_ARM(ATTR_MPU_RAM) )>
- "RAM_NOCACHE" -> <( DT_MEM_ARM(ATTR_MPU_RAM_NOCACHE) )>
- "FLASH" -> <( DT_MEM_ARM(ATTR_MPU_FLASH) )>
- "PPB" -> <( DT_MEM_ARM(ATTR_MPU_PPB) )>
- "IO" -> <( DT_MEM_ARM(ATTR_MPU_IO) )>
- "EXTMEM" -> <( DT_MEM_ARM(ATTR_MPU_EXTMEM) )>
* Device dependencies (incorrectly referred as "device handles" in some areas)
are now an optional feature enabled by :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_DEVICE_DEPS`.
This means that an extra linker stage is no longer necessary if this option is
not enabled.
* On all STM32 ADC, it is no longer possible to read sensor channels (Vref,
Vbat or temperature) using the ADC driver. The dedicated sensor driver should
be used instead. This change is due to a limitation on STM32F4 where the
channels for temperature and Vbat are identical, and the impossibility of
determining what we want to measure using solely the ADC API.
* The RAM disk driver has been changed to support multiple instances and instantiation
using devicetree. As a result, Kconfig option :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_DISK_RAM_VOLUME_SIZE`
and Kconfig option :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_DISK_RAM_VOLUME_NAME` are removed,
and the application using the RAM disk must instantiate it using devicetree,
as in the following example:
.. code-block:: devicetree
/ {
ramdisk0 {
compatible = "zephyr,ram-disk";
disk-name = "RAM";
sector-size = <512>;
sector-count = <192>;
};
};
* The :dtcompatible:`goodix,gt911`, :dtcompatible:`xptek,xpt2046` and
:dtcompatible:`hynitron,cst816s` drivers have been converted from Kscan to
Input, they can still be used with Kscan applications by adding a
:dtcompatible:`zephyr,kscan-input` node.
* The ``zephyr,gpio-keys`` binding has been merged into
:dtcompatible:`gpio-keys` and the callback definition has been renamed from
``INPUT_LISTENER_CB_DEFINE`` to :c:macro:`INPUT_CALLBACK_DEFINE`.
* The :dtcompatible:`ti,bq274xx` driver was using incorrect units for capacity
and power channels, these have been fixed and scaled by x1000 factor from the
previous implementation, any application using them has to be changed
accordingly.
* The configuration options for the SSD1306 display driver can now be provided
via the Devicetree binding :dtcompatible:`solomon,ssd1306fb`. The following
Kconfig options: ``CONFIG_SSD1306_DEFAULT``,
``CONFIG_SSD1306_SH1106_COMPATIBLE``, and ``CONFIG_SSD1306_REVERSE_MODE`` have
been removed.
* You can remove ``CONFIG_SSD1306_DEFAULT`` without any other modification.
* ``CONFIG_SSD1306_SH1106_COMPATIBLE`` was used to assert that the device is
(compatible with) SH1106. This has been replaced by a dedicated dts
compatible declaration. You may update an existing sh1106 node to change the
``compatible`` designation from :dtcompatible:`solomon,ssd1306fb` to
:dtcompatible:`sinowealth,sh1106`.
* ``CONFIG_SSD1306_REVERSE_MODE`` is now set using the ``inversion-on``
property of the devicetree node.
* GPIO drivers not implementing IRQ related operations must now provide
``NULL`` to the relevant operations: ``pin_interrupt_configure``,
``manage_callback``, ``get_pending_int``. The public API will return
``-ENOSYS`` when these are not available, instead of ``-ENOTSUP``.
* STM32 Ethernet driver was misusing :c:func:`hwinfo_get_device_id` to generate
last 3 bytes of mac address, resulting in a high risk of collision when using
SoCs from the same lot. This is now fixed to use the whole range of entropy
available from the unique ID (96 bits). Devices using unique ID based mac address
will see last 3 bytes of their MAC address modified by this change.
* On all STM32 (except F1x and F37x series), two new required properties have been
added to ADC to configure the source clock and the prescaler.
``st,adc-clock-source`` allows choosing either synchronous or asynchronous clock source.
``st,adc-prescaler`` allows setting the value of the prescaler for the chosen clock source.
Not all combinations are allowed. Refer to the appropriate RefMan for more information.
When choosing asynchronous clock, the choice of the kernel source clock is made in the
``clocks`` node as it is done for other peripherals, for example, to select
HSI16 as clock source for STM32G0:
.. code-block:: devicetree
&adc {
clocks = <&rcc STM32_CLOCK_BUS_APB1_2 0x00100000>,
<&rcc STM32_SRC_HSI ADC_SEL(2)>;
};
* On NXP boards with LPC DMA, the DMA controller node used to have its ``dma-channels`` property
set in the board DTS as a way to configure the amount of structures the driver will allocate.
This did not match the zephyr dma-controller binding, so this property is now fixed and set
in the SOC devicetree definition. Downstream boards should not override this property and
instead use the new driver Kconfig
:kconfig:option:`CONFIG_DMA_MCUX_LPC_NUMBER_OF_CHANNELS_ALLOCATED`.
* The LPC55XXX series SOC (except LPC55S06) default main clock has been
updated to PLL1 source from XTAL32K running at 144MHZ. If the new
kconfig option :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_INIT_PLL1`
is disabled then the main clock is muxed to FRO_HR as before.
* The Kconfig option ``CONFIG_GPIO_NCT38XX_INTERRUPT`` has been renamed to
:kconfig:option:`CONFIG_GPIO_NCT38XX_ALERT`.
* The CAN controller timing API functions :c:func:`can_set_timing` and :c:func:`can_set_timing_data`
no longer fallback to the (Re-)Synchronization Jump Width (SJW) value set in the devicetree
properties for the given CAN controller upon encountering an SJW value corresponding to
``CAN_SJW_NO_CHANGE`` (which is no longer available). The caller will therefore need to fill in
the ``sjw`` field in :c:struct:`can_timing`. To aid in this, the :c:func:`can_calc_timing` and
:c:func:`can_calc_timing_data` functions now automatically calculate a suitable SJW. The
calculated SJW can be overwritten by the caller if needed. The CAN controller API functions
:c:func:`can_set_bitrate` and :c:func:`can_set_bitrate_data` now also automatically calculate a
suitable SJW, but their SJW cannot be overwritten by the caller.
* The CAN ISO-TP message configuration in :c:struct:`isotp_msg_id` is changed to use the following
flags instead of bit fields:
* :c:macro:`ISOTP_MSG_EXT_ADDR` to enable ISO-TP extended addressing
* :c:macro:`ISOTP_MSG_FIXED_ADDR` to enable ISO-TP fixed addressing
* :c:macro:`ISOTP_MSG_IDE` to use extended (29-bit) CAN IDs
The two new flags :c:macro:`ISOTP_MSG_FDF` and :c:macro:`ISOTP_MSG_BRS` were added for CAN FD
mode.
* NXP i.MX RT based boards should now enable
:kconfig:option:`CONFIG_DEVICE_CONFIGURATION_DATA` at the board level when
using a DCD with the RT bootrom, and enable
:kconfig:option:`CONFIG_NXP_IMX_EXTERNAL_SDRAM` when using external SDRAM
via the SEMC
* NXP i.MX RT11xx series SNVS pin control name identifiers have been updated to
match with the source data for these SOCs. The pin names have had the
suffix ``dig`` added. For example, ``iomuxc_snvs_wakeup_gpio13_io00`` has
been renamed to ``iomuxc_snvs_wakeup_dig_gpio13_io00``
Power Management
================
* Platforms that implement power management hooks must explicitly select
:kconfig:option:`CONFIG_HAS_PM` in Kconfig. This is now a dependency of
:kconfig:option:`CONFIG_PM`. Before this change all platforms could enable
:kconfig:option:`CONFIG_PM` because empty weak stubs were provided, however,
this is no longer supported. As a result of this change, power management
hooks are no longer defined as weaks.
* Multiple platforms no longer support powering the system off using
:c:func:`pm_state_force`. The new :c:func:`sys_poweroff` API must be used.
Migrated platforms include Nordic nRF, STM32, ESP32 and TI CC13XX/26XX. The
new API is independent from :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_PM`. It requires
:kconfig:option:`CONFIG_POWEROFF` to be enabled, which depends on
:kconfig:option:`CONFIG_HAS_POWEROFF`, an option selected by platforms
implementing the required new hooks.
Bootloader
==========
* The :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_BOOTLOADER_SRAM_SIZE` default value is now ``0`` (was
``16``). Bootloaders that use a part of the SRAM should set this value to an
appropriate size. :github:`60371`
Bluetooth
=========
* The ``accept()`` callback's signature in :c:struct:`bt_l2cap_server` has
changed to ``int (*accept)(struct bt_conn *conn, struct bt_l2cap_server
*server, struct bt_l2cap_chan **chan)``,
adding a new ``server`` parameter pointing to the :c:struct:`bt_l2cap_server`
structure instance the callback relates to. :github:`60536`
Networking
==========
* A new networking Kconfig option :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_NET_INTERFACE_NAME`
defaults to ``y``. The option allows user to set a name to a network interface.
During system startup a default name is assigned to the network interface like
``eth0`` to the first Ethernet network interface. The option affects the behavior
of ``SO_BINDTODEVICE`` BSD socket option. If the Kconfig option is set to ``n``,
which is how the system worked earlier, then the name of the device assigned
to the network interface is used by the ``SO_BINDTODEVICE`` socket option.
If the Kconfig option is set to ``y`` (current default), then the network
interface name is used by the ``SO_BINDTODEVICE`` socket option.
* Ethernet PHY devicetree bindings were updated to use the standard ``reg``
property for the PHY address instead of a custom ``address`` property. As a
result, MDIO controller nodes now require ``#address-cells`` and
``#size-cells`` properties. Similarly, Ethernet PHY devicetree nodes and
corresponding driver were updated to consistently use the node name
``ethernet-phy`` instead of ``phy``. Devicetrees and overlays must be updated
accordingly:
.. code-block:: devicetree
mdio {
compatible = "mdio-controller";
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
ethernet-phy@0 {
compatible = "ethernet-phy";
reg = <0>;
};
};
Other Subsystems
================
* ZBus runtime observers implementation now relies on the HEAP memory instead of a memory slab.
Thus, zbus' configuration (kconfig) related to runtime observers has changed. To keep your runtime
observers code working correctly, you need to:
- Replace the integer ``CONFIG_ZBUS_RUNTIME_OBSERVERS_POOL_SIZE`` with the boolean
:kconfig:option:`CONFIG_ZBUS_RUNTIME_OBSERVERS`;
- Set the HEAP size with the :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_HEAP_MEM_POOL_SIZE`.
* The zbus VDED delivery sequence has changed. Check the :ref:`documentation<zbus delivery
sequence>` to verify if it will affect your code.
* MCUmgr SMP version 2 error codes entry has changed due to a collision with an
existing response in shell_mgmt. Previously, these errors had the entry ``ret``
but now have the entry ``err``. ``smp_add_cmd_ret()`` is now deprecated and
:c:func:`smp_add_cmd_err` should be used instead, ``MGMT_CB_ERROR_RET`` is
now deprecated and :c:enumerator:`MGMT_CB_ERROR_ERR` should be used instead.
SMP version 2 error code defines for in-tree modules have been updated to
replace the ``*_RET_RC_*`` parts with ``*_ERR_*``.
* MCUmgr SMP version 2 error translation (to legacy MCUmgr error code) is now
handled in function handlers by setting the ``mg_translate_error`` function
pointer of :c:struct:`mgmt_group` when registering a group. See
:c:type:`smp_translate_error_fn` for function details. Any SMP version 2
handlers made for Zephyr 3.4 need to be updated to include these translation
functions when the groups are registered.
ARM
===
* ARM SoC initialization routines no longer need to call `NMI_INIT()`. The
macro call has been removed as it was not doing anything useful.
RISC V
======
* The :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_RISCV_MTVEC_VECTORED_MODE` Kconfig option was renamed to
:kconfig:option:`CONFIG_RISCV_VECTORED_MODE`.
Recommended Changes
*******************
* Setting the GIC architecture version by selecting
:kconfig:option:`CONFIG_GIC_V1`, :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_GIC_V2` and
:kconfig:option:`CONFIG_GIC_V3` directly in Kconfig has been deprecated.
The GIC version should now be specified by adding the appropriate compatible, for
example :dtcompatible:`arm,gic-v2`, to the GIC node in the device tree.
* Nordic nRF based boards using :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_NFCT_PINS_AS_GPIOS`
to configure NFCT pins as GPIOs, should instead set the new UICR
``nfct-pins-as-gpios`` property in devicetree. It can be set like this in the
board devicetree files:
.. code-block:: devicetree
&uicr {
nfct-pins-as-gpios;
};
* Nordic nRF based boards using :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_GPIO_AS_PINRESET`
to configure reset GPIO as nRESET, should instead set the new UICR
``gpio-as-nreset`` property in devicetree. It can be set like this in the
board devicetree files:
.. code-block:: devicetree
&uicr {
gpio-as-nreset;
};
* The :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_MODEM_GSM_PPP` modem driver is obsolete.
Instead the new :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_MODEM_CELLULAR` driver should be used.
As part of this :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_GSM_MUX` and :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_UART_MUX` are being
marked as deprecated as well. The new modem subsystem :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_MODEM_CMUX`
and :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_MODEM_PPP` should be used instead.
* Device drivers should now be restricted to ``PRE_KERNEL_1``, ``PRE_KERNEL_2``
and ``POST_KERNEL`` initialization levels. Other device initialization levels,
including ``EARLY``, ``APPLICATION``, and ``SMP``, have been deprecated and
will be removed in future releases. Note that these changes do not apply to
initialization levels used in the context of the ``init.h`` API,
e.g. :c:macro:`SYS_INIT`.
* The following CAN controller devicetree properties are now deprecated in favor specifying the
initial CAN bitrate using the ``bus-speed``, ``sample-point``, ``bus-speed-data``, and
``sample-point-data`` properties:
* ``sjw``
* ``prop-seg``
* ``phase-seg1``
* ``phase-seg1``
* ``sjw-data``
* ``prop-seg-data``
* ``phase-seg1-data``
* ``phase-seg1-data``
* ``<zephyr/arch/arm/aarch32/cortex_a_r/cmsis.h>`` and
``<zephyr/arch/arm/aarch32/cortex_m/cmsis.h>`` are now deprecated in favor of
including ``<cmsis_core.h>`` instead. The new header is part of the CMSIS glue
code in the ``modules`` directory.
* Random API header ``<zephyr/random/rand32.h>`` is deprecated in favor of
``<zephyr/random/random.h>``. The old header will be removed in future releases
and its usage should be avoided.