193 lines
8.2 KiB
ReStructuredText
193 lines
8.2 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _ip_stack_overview:
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Overview
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########
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.. contents::
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:local:
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:depth: 2
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Supported Features
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******************
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The networking IP stack is modular and highly configurable via build-time
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configuration options. You can minimize system memory consumption by enabling
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only those network features required by your application. Almost all features
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can be disabled if not needed.
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* **IPv6** The support for IPv6 is enabled by default. Various IPv6 sub-options
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can be enabled or disabled depending on networking needs.
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* Developer can set the number of unicast and multicast IPv6 addresses that
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are active at the same time.
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* The IPv6 address for the device can be set either statically or
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dynamically using SLAAC (Stateless Address Auto Configuration)
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(`RFC 4862 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4862>`_).
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* The system also supports multiple IPv6 prefixes and the maximum
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IPv6 prefix count can be configured at build time.
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* The IPv6 neighbor cache can be disabled if not needed, and its size can be
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configured at build time.
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* The IPv6 neighbor discovery support
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(`RFC 4861 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4861>`_) is enabled by default.
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* Multicast Listener Discovery v2 support
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(`RFC 3810 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3810>`_) is enabled by default.
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* IPv6 header compression (6lo) is available for IPv6 connectivity for
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IEEE 802.15.4 networks (`RFC 4944 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4944>`_).
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* **IPv4** The legacy IPv4 is supported by the networking stack. It
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cannot be used by IEEE 802.15.4 as this network technology supports
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only IPv6. IPv4 can be used in Ethernet based networks. By default
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IPv4 support is disabled.
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* DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) client is supported
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(`RFC 2131 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2131>`_).
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* The IPv4 address can also be configured manually. Static IPv4 addresses
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are supported by default.
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* **Dual stack support.** The networking stack allows a developer to configure
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the system to use both IPv6 and IPv4 at the same time.
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* **UDP** User Datagram Protocol
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(`RFC 768 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc768>`_) is supported.
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The developer can send UDP datagrams (client side support) or create a
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listener to receive UDP packets destined to certain port (server side
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support).
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* **TCP** Transmission Control Protocol
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(`RFC 793 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc793>`_) is supported. Both server
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and client roles can be used the application. The amount of TCP sockets
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that are available to applications can be configured at build time.
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* **BSD Sockets API** Support for a subset of a
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:ref:`BSD sockets compatible API <bsd_sockets_interface>` is
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implemented. Both blocking and non-blocking datagram (UDP) and stream (TCP)
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sockets are supported.
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* **Secure Sockets API** Experimental support for TLS/DTLS secure protocols and
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configuration options for sockets API. Secure functions for the implementation
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are provided by mbedTLS library.
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* **MQTT** Message Queue Telemetry Transport (ISO/IEC PRF 20922) is supported.
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A sample :zephyr:code-sample:`mqtt-publisher` client application for MQTT v3.1.1 is
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implemented.
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* **CoAP** Constrained Application Protocol
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(`RFC 7252 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7252>`_) is supported.
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Both :zephyr:code-sample:`coap-client` and :zephyr:code-sample:`coap-server` sample
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applications are implemented.
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* **LWM2M** OMA Lightweight Machine-to-Machine Protocol
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(`LwM2M specification 1.0.2`_) is supported via the "Bootstrap", "Client
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Registration", "Device Management & Service Enablement" and "Information
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Reporting" interfaces. The required core LwM2M objects are implemented as
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well as several IPSO Smart Objects. (`LwM2M specification 1.1.1`_) is
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supported in similar manner when enabled with a Kconfig option.
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:zephyr:code-sample:`lwm2m-client` sample implements the library as an example.
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* **HTTP** Hypertext Transfer Protocol client and server are supported.
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:ref:`http_client_interface` library supports HTTP/1.1 (`RFC 2616`_).
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:ref:`http_server_interface` library supports HTTP/1.1 (`RFC 2616`_) and
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HTTP/2 (`RFC 9113`_).
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:zephyr:code-sample:`sockets-http-client` and
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:zephyr:code-sample:`sockets-http-server` samples are provided.
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* **DNS** Domain Name Service
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(`RFC 1035 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1035>`_) client functionality
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is supported.
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Applications can use the DNS API to query domain name information or IP
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addresses from the DNS server. Both IPv4 (A) and IPv6 (AAAA) records can
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be queried.
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Both multicast DNS (mDNS) (`RFC 6762 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6762>`_)
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and link-local multicast name resolution
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(LLMNR) (`RFC 4795 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4795>`_) are supported.
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* **Network Management API.** Applications can use network management API to
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listen management events generated by core stack when for example IP address
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is added to the device, or network interface is coming up etc.
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* **Wi-Fi Management API.** Applications can use Wi-Fi management API to
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manage the interface, in example to connect to Wi-Fi network and to scan
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available Wi-Fi networks.
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* **Wi-Fi Network Manager API.** Wi-Fi Network Managers can now register
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themselves to the Wi-Fi stack. The Network Managers can then implement
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the Wi-Fi Management API and manage the Wi-Fi interface.
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* **Multiple Network Technologies.** The Zephyr OS can be configured to
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support multiple network technologies at the same time simply by enabling
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them in Kconfig: for example, Ethernet, Wi-Fi and 802.15.4 support. Note
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that no automatic IP routing functionality is provided between these
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technologies. Applications can send data according to their needs to desired
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network interface.
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* **Minimal Copy Network Buffer Management.** It is possible to have minimal
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copy network data path. This means that the system tries to avoid copying
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application data when it is sent to the network.
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* **Virtual LAN support.** Virtual LANs (VLANs) allow partitioning of physical
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ethernet networks into logical networks.
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See :ref:`VLAN support <vlan_interface>` for more details.
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* **Network traffic classification.** The sent and received network packets can
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be prioritized depending on application needs.
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See :ref:`traffic classification <traffic-class-support>` for more details.
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* **Time Sensitive Networking.** The gPTP (generalized Precision Time Protocol)
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is supported. See :ref:`gPTP support <gptp_interface>` for more details.
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* **Network shell.** The network shell provides helpers for figuring out
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network status, enabling/disabling features, and issuing commands like ping
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or DNS resolving. The net-shell is useful when developing network software.
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See :ref:`network shell <net_shell>` for more details.
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Additionally these network technologies (link layers) are supported in
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Zephyr OS v1.7 and later:
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* IEEE 802.15.4
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* Bluetooth
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* Ethernet
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* SLIP (IP over serial line). Used for testing with QEMU. It provides
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ethernet interface to host system (like Linux) and test applications
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can be run in Linux host and send network data to Zephyr OS device.
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Source Tree Layout
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******************
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The networking stack source code tree is organized as follows:
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``subsys/net/ip/``
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This is where the IP stack code is located.
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``subsys/net/l2/``
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This is where the IP stack layer 2 code is located. This includes generic
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support for Ethernet, IEEE 802.15.4 and Wi-Fi.
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``subsys/net/lib/``
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Application-level protocols (DNS, MQTT, etc.) and additional stack
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components (BSD Sockets, etc.).
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``include/net/``
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Public API header files. These are the header files applications need
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to include to use IP networking functionality.
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``samples/net/``
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Sample networking code. This is a good reference to get started with
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network application development.
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``tests/net/``
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Test applications. These applications are used to verify the
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functionality of the IP stack, but are not the best
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source for sample code (see ``samples/net`` instead).
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.. _LwM2M specification 1.0.2:
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http://openmobilealliance.org/release/LightweightM2M/V1_0_2-20180209-A/OMA-TS-LightweightM2M-V1_0_2-20180209-A.pdf
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.. _LwM2M specification 1.1.1:
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http://openmobilealliance.org/release/LightweightM2M/V1_1_1-20190617-A/
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.. _RFC 2616:
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https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616
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.. _RFC 9113:
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https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc9113
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