zephyr/doc/application/apps_structure.rst

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.. _apps_structure:
Application Development Directory Structure
###########################################
Each application resides in a uniquely-named application
directory created by the developer, typically, in the developer's
workspace directory. The application developer also creates a
:file:`src` directory for the application's source code.
.. note::
The Zephyr Kernel either supplies or generates all other application
directories.
Procedures
**********
* `create_directory_structure`_
* `create_src_makefile`_
.. _create_directory_structure:
Creating an Application and Source Code Directory using the CLI
===============================================================
Create one directory for your application and another for the application's
source code; this makes it easier to organize directories and files in the
structure that the kernel expects.
Before You Begin
----------------
* The environment variable must be set for each console terminal using
:ref:`set_environment_variables`.
Steps
-----
1. Create an application directory structure outside of the kernel's
installation directory tree. Often this is your workspace directory.
a) In a Linux console, navigate to a location where you want your
applications to reside.
b) Create the application's directory, enter:
.. code-block:: console
$ mkdir application_name
.. note::
This directory and the path to it, are referred to in the documentation
as :file:`~/appDir`.
2. Create a source code directory in your :file:`~/appDir`, enter:
.. code-block:: console
$ mkdir src
The source code directory :file:`~/appDir/src` is created.
.. code-block:: console
-- appDir
|-- src
.. _create_src_makefile:
Creating an Application Makefile
================================
Create an application Makefile to define basic information such as the kernel
type, microkernel or nanokernel, and the board configuration used by the
application. The build system uses the Makefile to build an image with both
the application and the kernel libraries called either
:file:`microkernel.elf` or :file:`nanokernel.elf`.
Before You Begin
----------------
* Be familiar with the standard GNU Make language.
* Be familiar with the board configuration used for your application
and, if it is a custom board configuration, where it is located.
* Set the environment variable for each console terminal using
:ref:`set_environment_variables`.
Steps
-----
1. In the :file:`appDir` directory, create a Makefile. Enter:
.. code-block:: bash
$ touch Makefile
2. Open the :file:`Makefile` and add the following mandatory
entries using any standard text editor.
.. note::
Ensure that there is a space after each ``=``.
a) Add the kernel type on a new line:
.. code-block:: make
KERNEL_TYPE = micro|nano
Either micro or nano, short for microkernel or
nanokernel respectively.
b) Add the name of the board configuration for your application on a
new line:
.. code-block:: make
BOARD ?= board_configuration_name
The supported boards can be found in :ref:`board`.
c) Add the name of the default kernel configuration file for your
application on a new line:
.. code-block:: make
CONF_FILE = prj.conf
The default name is :file:`prj.conf`. If you are not using the default
name, this entry must match the filename of the :file:`.conf` file you
are using.
d) For microkernel applications, add the name of the MDEF for your
application:
.. code-block:: make
MDEF_FILE = prj.mdef
The default name is :file:`prj.mdef`. If you are not using the default
name, this entry must match the filename of the :file:`.mdef` file you
are using.
e) Include the mandatory :file:`Makefile` fragments on a new
line:
.. code-block:: make
include ${ZEPHYR_BASE}/Makefile.inc
3. Save and close the :file:`Makefile`.
Example Makefile
----------------
.. code-block:: make
KERNEL_TYPE = micro
BOARD ?= qemu_x86
CONF_FILE = prj.conf
MDEF_FILE = prj.mdef
include ${ZEPHYR_BASE}/Makefile.inc