/* * Copyright (c) 2022 Meta * * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 */ #define DT_DRV_COMPAT lattice_ice40_fpga #include #include #include #include #include #ifdef CONFIG_PINCTRL #include #endif #include #include #include #include /* * Note: When loading a bitstream, the iCE40 has a 'quirk' in that the CS * polarity must be inverted during the 'leading clocks' phase and * 'trailing clocks' phase. While the bitstream is being transmitted, the * CS polarity is normal (active low). Zephyr's SPI driver model currently * does not handle these types of quirks (in contrast to e.g. Linux). * * The logical alternative would be to put the CS into GPIO mode, perform 3 * separate SPI transfers (inverting CS polarity as necessary) and then * restore the default pinctrl settings. On some higher-end microcontrollers * and microprocessors, it's possible to do that without breaking the iCE40 * timing requirements. * * However, on lower-end microcontrollers, the amount of time that elapses * between SPI transfers does break the iCE40 timing requirements. That * leaves us with the bitbanging option. Of course, on lower-end * microcontrollers, the amount of time required to execute something * like gpio_pin_configure_dt() dwarfs the 2*500 nanoseconds needed to * achieve the minimum 1 MHz clock rate for loading the iCE40 bistream. So * in order to bitbang on lower-end microcontrollers, we actually require * direct register access to the set and clear registers. * * With that, this driver is left with 2 possible modes of operation which * are: * - FPGA_ICE40_LOAD_MODE_SPI (for higher-end microcontrollers) * - FPGA_ICE40_LOAD_MODE_GPIO (for lower-end microcontrollers) */ #define FPGA_ICE40_LOAD_MODE_SPI 0 #define FPGA_ICE40_LOAD_MODE_GPIO 1 #ifndef BITS_PER_NIBBLE #define BITS_PER_NIBBLE 4 #endif #ifndef BITS_PER_BYTE #define BITS_PER_BYTE 8 #endif #ifndef NIBBLES_PER_BYTE #define NIBBLES_PER_BYTE (BITS_PER_BYTE / BITS_PER_NIBBLE) #endif /* * Values in Hz, intentionally to be comparable with the spi-max-frequency * property from DT bindings in spi-device.yaml. */ #define FPGA_ICE40_SPI_HZ_MIN 1000000 #define FPGA_ICE40_SPI_HZ_MAX 25000000 #define FPGA_ICE40_CRESET_DELAY_US_MIN 1 /* 200ns absolute minimum */ #define FPGA_ICE40_CONFIG_DELAY_US_MIN 1200 #define FPGA_ICE40_LEADING_CLOCKS_MIN 8 #define FPGA_ICE40_TRAILING_CLOCKS_MIN 49 LOG_MODULE_REGISTER(fpga_ice40); struct fpga_ice40_data { uint32_t crc; /* simply use crc32 as info */ char info[2 * sizeof(uint32_t) + 1]; bool on; bool loaded; struct k_spinlock lock; }; struct fpga_ice40_config { struct spi_dt_spec bus; struct gpio_dt_spec cdone; struct gpio_dt_spec creset; struct gpio_dt_spec clk; struct gpio_dt_spec pico; volatile gpio_port_pins_t *set; volatile gpio_port_pins_t *clear; uint16_t mhz_delay_count; uint16_t creset_delay_us; uint16_t config_delay_us; uint8_t leading_clocks; uint8_t trailing_clocks; fpga_api_load load; #ifdef CONFIG_PINCTRL const struct pinctrl_dev_config *pincfg; #endif }; static void fpga_ice40_crc_to_str(uint32_t crc, char *s) { char ch; uint8_t i; uint8_t nibble; const char *table = "0123456789abcdef"; for (i = 0; i < sizeof(crc) * NIBBLES_PER_BYTE; ++i, crc >>= BITS_PER_NIBBLE) { nibble = crc & GENMASK(BITS_PER_NIBBLE, 0); ch = table[nibble]; s[sizeof(crc) * NIBBLES_PER_BYTE - i - 1] = ch; } s[sizeof(crc) * NIBBLES_PER_BYTE] = '\0'; } /* * This is a calibrated delay loop used to achieve a 1 MHz SPI_CLK frequency * with FPGA_ICE40_LOAD_MODE_GPIO. It is used both in fpga_ice40_send_clocks() * and fpga_ice40_spi_send_data(). * * Calibration is achieved via the mhz_delay_count device tree parameter. See * lattice,ice40-fpga.yaml for details. */ static inline void fpga_ice40_delay(size_t n) { for (; n > 0; --n) { __asm__ __volatile__(""); } } static void fpga_ice40_send_clocks(size_t delay, volatile gpio_port_pins_t *set, volatile gpio_port_pins_t *clear, gpio_port_pins_t clk, size_t n) { for (; n > 0; --n) { *clear |= clk; fpga_ice40_delay(delay); *set |= clk; fpga_ice40_delay(delay); } } static void fpga_ice40_spi_send_data(size_t delay, volatile gpio_port_pins_t *set, volatile gpio_port_pins_t *clear, gpio_port_pins_t cs, gpio_port_pins_t clk, gpio_port_pins_t pico, uint8_t *z, size_t n) { bool hi; /* assert chip-select (active low) */ *clear |= cs; for (; n > 0; --n, ++z) { /* msb down to lsb */ for (int b = 7; b >= 0; --b) { /* Data is shifted out on the falling edge (CPOL=0) */ *clear |= clk; fpga_ice40_delay(delay); hi = !!(BIT(b) & *z); if (hi) { *set |= pico; } else { *clear |= pico; } /* Data is sampled on the rising edge (CPHA=0) */ *set |= clk; fpga_ice40_delay(delay); } } /* de-assert chip-select (active low) */ *set |= cs; } static enum FPGA_status fpga_ice40_get_status(const struct device *dev) { enum FPGA_status st; k_spinlock_key_t key; struct fpga_ice40_data *data = dev->data; key = k_spin_lock(&data->lock); if (data->loaded && data->on) { st = FPGA_STATUS_ACTIVE; } else { st = FPGA_STATUS_INACTIVE; } k_spin_unlock(&data->lock, key); return st; } /* * See iCE40 Family Handbook, Appendix A. SPI Slave Configuration Procedure, * pp 15-21. * * https://www.latticesemi.com/~/media/LatticeSemi/Documents/Handbooks/iCE40FamilyHandbook.pdf */ static int fpga_ice40_load_gpio(const struct device *dev, uint32_t *image_ptr, uint32_t img_size) { int ret; uint32_t crc; gpio_port_pins_t cs; gpio_port_pins_t clk; k_spinlock_key_t key; gpio_port_pins_t pico; gpio_port_pins_t creset; struct fpga_ice40_data *data = dev->data; const struct fpga_ice40_config *config = dev->config; /* prepare masks */ cs = BIT(config->bus.config.cs.gpio.pin); clk = BIT(config->clk.pin); pico = BIT(config->pico.pin); creset = BIT(config->creset.pin); /* crc check */ crc = crc32_ieee((uint8_t *)image_ptr, img_size); if (data->loaded && crc == data->crc) { LOG_WRN("already loaded with image CRC32c: 0x%08x", data->crc); } key = k_spin_lock(&data->lock); /* clear crc */ data->crc = 0; data->loaded = false; fpga_ice40_crc_to_str(0, data->info); LOG_DBG("Initializing GPIO"); ret = gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->cdone, GPIO_INPUT) || gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->creset, GPIO_OUTPUT_HIGH) || gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->bus.config.cs.gpio, GPIO_OUTPUT_HIGH) || gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->clk, GPIO_OUTPUT_HIGH) || gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->pico, GPIO_OUTPUT_HIGH); __ASSERT(ret == 0, "Failed to initialize GPIO: %d", ret); LOG_DBG("Set CRESET low"); LOG_DBG("Set SPI_CS low"); *config->clear |= (creset | cs); /* Wait a minimum of 200ns */ LOG_DBG("Delay %u us", config->creset_delay_us); fpga_ice40_delay(2 * config->mhz_delay_count * config->creset_delay_us); __ASSERT(gpio_pin_get_dt(&config->cdone) == 0, "CDONE was not high"); LOG_DBG("Set CRESET high"); *config->set |= creset; LOG_DBG("Delay %u us", config->config_delay_us); k_busy_wait(config->config_delay_us); LOG_DBG("Set SPI_CS high"); *config->set |= cs; LOG_DBG("Send %u clocks", config->leading_clocks); fpga_ice40_send_clocks(config->mhz_delay_count, config->set, config->clear, clk, config->leading_clocks); LOG_DBG("Set SPI_CS low"); LOG_DBG("Send bin file"); LOG_DBG("Set SPI_CS high"); fpga_ice40_spi_send_data(config->mhz_delay_count, config->set, config->clear, cs, clk, pico, (uint8_t *)image_ptr, img_size); LOG_DBG("Send %u clocks", config->trailing_clocks); fpga_ice40_send_clocks(config->mhz_delay_count, config->set, config->clear, clk, config->trailing_clocks); LOG_DBG("checking CDONE"); ret = gpio_pin_get_dt(&config->cdone); if (ret < 0) { LOG_ERR("failed to read CDONE: %d", ret); goto unlock; } else if (ret != 1) { ret = -EIO; LOG_ERR("CDONE did not go high"); goto unlock; } ret = 0; data->loaded = true; fpga_ice40_crc_to_str(crc, data->info); LOG_INF("Loaded image with CRC32 0x%08x", crc); unlock: (void)gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->creset, GPIO_OUTPUT_HIGH); (void)gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->bus.config.cs.gpio, GPIO_OUTPUT_HIGH); (void)gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->clk, GPIO_DISCONNECTED); (void)gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->pico, GPIO_DISCONNECTED); #ifdef CONFIG_PINCTRL (void)pinctrl_apply_state(config->pincfg, PINCTRL_STATE_DEFAULT); #endif k_spin_unlock(&data->lock, key); return ret; } static int fpga_ice40_load_spi(const struct device *dev, uint32_t *image_ptr, uint32_t img_size) { int ret; uint32_t crc; k_spinlock_key_t key; struct spi_buf tx_buf; const struct spi_buf_set tx_bufs = { .buffers = &tx_buf, .count = 1, }; struct fpga_ice40_data *data = dev->data; uint8_t clock_buf[(UINT8_MAX + 1) / BITS_PER_BYTE]; const struct fpga_ice40_config *config = dev->config; /* crc check */ crc = crc32_ieee((uint8_t *)image_ptr, img_size); if (data->loaded && crc == data->crc) { LOG_WRN("already loaded with image CRC32c: 0x%08x", data->crc); } key = k_spin_lock(&data->lock); /* clear crc */ data->crc = 0; data->loaded = false; fpga_ice40_crc_to_str(0, data->info); LOG_DBG("Initializing GPIO"); ret = gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->cdone, GPIO_INPUT) || gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->creset, GPIO_OUTPUT_HIGH) || gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->bus.config.cs.gpio, GPIO_OUTPUT_HIGH); __ASSERT(ret == 0, "Failed to initialize GPIO: %d", ret); LOG_DBG("Set CRESET low"); ret = gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->creset, GPIO_OUTPUT_LOW); if (ret < 0) { LOG_ERR("failed to set CRESET low: %d", ret); goto unlock; } LOG_DBG("Set SPI_CS low"); ret = gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->bus.config.cs.gpio, GPIO_OUTPUT_LOW); if (ret < 0) { LOG_ERR("failed to set SPI_CS low: %d", ret); goto unlock; } /* Wait a minimum of 200ns */ LOG_DBG("Delay %u us", config->creset_delay_us); k_usleep(config->creset_delay_us); __ASSERT(gpio_pin_get_dt(&config->cdone) == 0, "CDONE was not high"); LOG_DBG("Set CRESET high"); ret = gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->creset, GPIO_OUTPUT_HIGH); if (ret < 0) { LOG_ERR("failed to set CRESET high: %d", ret); goto unlock; } LOG_DBG("Delay %u us", config->config_delay_us); k_busy_wait(config->config_delay_us); LOG_DBG("Set SPI_CS high"); ret = gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->bus.config.cs.gpio, GPIO_OUTPUT_HIGH); if (ret < 0) { LOG_ERR("failed to set SPI_CS high: %d", ret); goto unlock; } LOG_DBG("Send %u clocks", config->leading_clocks); tx_buf.buf = clock_buf; tx_buf.len = DIV_ROUND_UP(config->leading_clocks, BITS_PER_BYTE); ret = spi_write_dt(&config->bus, &tx_bufs); if (ret < 0) { LOG_ERR("Failed to send leading %u clocks: %d", config->leading_clocks, ret); goto unlock; } LOG_DBG("Set SPI_CS low"); ret = gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->bus.config.cs.gpio, GPIO_OUTPUT_LOW); if (ret < 0) { LOG_ERR("failed to set SPI_CS low: %d", ret); goto unlock; } LOG_DBG("Send bin file"); tx_buf.buf = image_ptr; tx_buf.len = img_size; ret = spi_write_dt(&config->bus, &tx_bufs); if (ret < 0) { LOG_ERR("Failed to send bin file: %d", ret); goto unlock; } LOG_DBG("Set SPI_CS high"); ret = gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->bus.config.cs.gpio, GPIO_OUTPUT_HIGH); if (ret < 0) { LOG_ERR("failed to set SPI_CS high: %d", ret); goto unlock; } LOG_DBG("Send %u clocks", config->trailing_clocks); tx_buf.buf = clock_buf; tx_buf.len = DIV_ROUND_UP(config->trailing_clocks, BITS_PER_BYTE); ret = spi_write_dt(&config->bus, &tx_bufs); if (ret < 0) { LOG_ERR("Failed to send trailing %u clocks: %d", config->trailing_clocks, ret); goto unlock; } LOG_DBG("checking CDONE"); ret = gpio_pin_get_dt(&config->cdone); if (ret < 0) { LOG_ERR("failed to read CDONE: %d", ret); goto unlock; } else if (ret != 1) { ret = -EIO; LOG_ERR("CDONE did not go high"); goto unlock; } ret = 0; data->loaded = true; fpga_ice40_crc_to_str(crc, data->info); LOG_INF("Loaded image with CRC32 0x%08x", crc); unlock: (void)gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->creset, GPIO_OUTPUT_HIGH); (void)gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->bus.config.cs.gpio, GPIO_OUTPUT_HIGH); #ifdef CONFIG_PINCTRL (void)pinctrl_apply_state(config->pincfg, PINCTRL_STATE_DEFAULT); #endif k_spin_unlock(&data->lock, key); return ret; } static int fpga_ice40_load(const struct device *dev, uint32_t *image_ptr, uint32_t img_size) { const struct fpga_ice40_config *config = dev->config; return config->load(dev, image_ptr, img_size); } static int fpga_ice40_on_off(const struct device *dev, bool on) { int ret; k_spinlock_key_t key; struct fpga_ice40_data *data = dev->data; const struct fpga_ice40_config *config = dev->config; key = k_spin_lock(&data->lock); ret = gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->creset, on ? GPIO_OUTPUT_HIGH : GPIO_OUTPUT_LOW); if (ret < 0) { goto unlock; } data->on = on; ret = 0; unlock: k_spin_unlock(&data->lock, key); return ret; } static int fpga_ice40_on(const struct device *dev) { return fpga_ice40_on_off(dev, true); } static int fpga_ice40_off(const struct device *dev) { return fpga_ice40_on_off(dev, false); } static int fpga_ice40_reset(const struct device *dev) { return fpga_ice40_off(dev) || fpga_ice40_on(dev); } static const char *fpga_ice40_get_info(const struct device *dev) { struct fpga_ice40_data *data = dev->data; return data->info; } static const struct fpga_driver_api fpga_ice40_api = { .get_status = fpga_ice40_get_status, .reset = fpga_ice40_reset, .load = fpga_ice40_load, .on = fpga_ice40_on, .off = fpga_ice40_off, .get_info = fpga_ice40_get_info, }; static int fpga_ice40_init(const struct device *dev) { int ret; const struct fpga_ice40_config *config = dev->config; ret = gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->creset, GPIO_OUTPUT_HIGH); if (ret < 0) { LOG_ERR("failed to configure CRESET: %d", ret); return ret; } ret = gpio_pin_configure_dt(&config->cdone, GPIO_INPUT); if (ret < 0) { LOG_ERR("Failed to initialize CDONE: %d", ret); return ret; } return 0; } #define FPGA_ICE40_BUS_FREQ(inst) DT_INST_PROP(inst, spi_max_frequency) #define FPGA_ICE40_CONFIG_DELAY_US(inst) \ DT_INST_PROP_OR(inst, config_delay_us, FPGA_ICE40_CONFIG_DELAY_US_MIN) #define FPGA_ICE40_CRESET_DELAY_US(inst) \ DT_INST_PROP_OR(inst, creset_delay_us, FPGA_ICE40_CRESET_DELAY_US_MIN) #define FPGA_ICE40_LEADING_CLOCKS(inst) \ DT_INST_PROP_OR(inst, leading_clocks, FPGA_ICE40_LEADING_CLOCKS_MIN) #define FPGA_ICE40_TRAILING_CLOCKS(inst) \ DT_INST_PROP_OR(inst, trailing_clocks, FPGA_ICE40_TRAILING_CLOCKS_MIN) #define FPGA_ICE40_MHZ_DELAY_COUNT(inst) DT_INST_PROP_OR(inst, mhz_delay_count, 0) #define FPGA_ICE40_GPIO_PINS(inst, name) (volatile gpio_port_pins_t *)DT_INST_PROP_OR(inst, name, 0) #define FPGA_ICE40_LOAD_MODE(inst) DT_INST_PROP(inst, load_mode) #define FPGA_ICE40_LOAD_FUNC(inst) \ (FPGA_ICE40_LOAD_MODE(inst) == FPGA_ICE40_LOAD_MODE_SPI \ ? fpga_ice40_load_spi \ : (FPGA_ICE40_LOAD_MODE(inst) == FPGA_ICE40_LOAD_MODE_GPIO ? fpga_ice40_load_gpio \ : NULL)) #ifdef CONFIG_PINCTRL #define FPGA_ICE40_PINCTRL_CONFIG(inst) .pincfg = PINCTRL_DT_DEV_CONFIG_GET(DT_INST_PARENT(inst)), #define FPGA_ICE40_PINCTRL_DEFINE(inst) PINCTRL_DT_DEFINE(DT_INST_PARENT(inst)) #else #define FPGA_ICE40_PINCTRL_CONFIG(inst) #define FPGA_ICE40_PINCTRL_DEFINE(inst) #endif #define FPGA_ICE40_DEFINE(inst) \ BUILD_ASSERT(FPGA_ICE40_LOAD_MODE(inst) == FPGA_ICE40_LOAD_MODE_SPI || \ FPGA_ICE40_LOAD_MODE(inst) == FPGA_ICE40_LOAD_MODE_GPIO); \ BUILD_ASSERT(FPGA_ICE40_BUS_FREQ(inst) >= FPGA_ICE40_SPI_HZ_MIN); \ BUILD_ASSERT(FPGA_ICE40_BUS_FREQ(inst) <= FPGA_ICE40_SPI_HZ_MAX); \ BUILD_ASSERT(FPGA_ICE40_CONFIG_DELAY_US(inst) >= FPGA_ICE40_CONFIG_DELAY_US_MIN); \ BUILD_ASSERT(FPGA_ICE40_CONFIG_DELAY_US(inst) <= UINT16_MAX); \ BUILD_ASSERT(FPGA_ICE40_CRESET_DELAY_US(inst) >= FPGA_ICE40_CRESET_DELAY_US_MIN); \ BUILD_ASSERT(FPGA_ICE40_CRESET_DELAY_US(inst) <= UINT16_MAX); \ BUILD_ASSERT(FPGA_ICE40_LEADING_CLOCKS(inst) >= FPGA_ICE40_LEADING_CLOCKS_MIN); \ BUILD_ASSERT(FPGA_ICE40_LEADING_CLOCKS(inst) <= UINT8_MAX); \ BUILD_ASSERT(FPGA_ICE40_TRAILING_CLOCKS(inst) >= FPGA_ICE40_TRAILING_CLOCKS_MIN); \ BUILD_ASSERT(FPGA_ICE40_TRAILING_CLOCKS(inst) <= UINT8_MAX); \ BUILD_ASSERT(FPGA_ICE40_MHZ_DELAY_COUNT(inst) >= 0); \ \ FPGA_ICE40_PINCTRL_DEFINE(inst); \ static struct fpga_ice40_data fpga_ice40_data_##inst; \ \ static const struct fpga_ice40_config fpga_ice40_config_##inst = { \ .bus = SPI_DT_SPEC_INST_GET(inst, SPI_WORD_SET(8) | SPI_TRANSFER_MSB, 0), \ .creset = GPIO_DT_SPEC_INST_GET(inst, creset_gpios), \ .cdone = GPIO_DT_SPEC_INST_GET(inst, cdone_gpios), \ .clk = GPIO_DT_SPEC_INST_GET_OR(inst, clk_gpios, {0}), \ .pico = GPIO_DT_SPEC_INST_GET_OR(inst, pico_gpios, {0}), \ .set = FPGA_ICE40_GPIO_PINS(inst, gpios_set_reg), \ .clear = FPGA_ICE40_GPIO_PINS(inst, gpios_clear_reg), \ .mhz_delay_count = FPGA_ICE40_MHZ_DELAY_COUNT(inst), \ .config_delay_us = FPGA_ICE40_CONFIG_DELAY_US(inst), \ .creset_delay_us = FPGA_ICE40_CRESET_DELAY_US(inst), \ .leading_clocks = FPGA_ICE40_LEADING_CLOCKS(inst), \ .trailing_clocks = FPGA_ICE40_TRAILING_CLOCKS(inst), \ .load = FPGA_ICE40_LOAD_FUNC(inst), \ FPGA_ICE40_PINCTRL_CONFIG(inst)}; \ \ DEVICE_DT_INST_DEFINE(inst, fpga_ice40_init, NULL, &fpga_ice40_data_##inst, \ &fpga_ice40_config_##inst, POST_KERNEL, CONFIG_FPGA_INIT_PRIORITY, \ &fpga_ice40_api); DT_INST_FOREACH_STATUS_OKAY(FPGA_ICE40_DEFINE)