增加 Linux Spidev 与 DeviceTree.
Signed-off-by: rick.chan <chenyang@autoai.com>
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# Linux Spidev 与 DeviceTree
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在 Linux SPI 子系统——x86 平台中介绍了 x86 平台上 SPI 子系统的概况。其原理也适用于 ARM 平台,只不过在 ARM 平台上,需要编写 DeviceTree 以替代 platform device 或 ACPI。
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最常见也最普通的 SPI 设备就是 spidev,这是 Linux 允许用户态操作 spi 的接口,其导出的接口以 spidev<总线号>.<子设备号/片选序号> 的文件形式出现在 /dev 系统目录下。
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以下以 spidev 为例,说明其 DeviceTree 的写法,以及其与驱动和用户态节点的关系。
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## 1.DeviceTree
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一般 SOC 下都会包含 SPI 控制器的信息:
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```dts
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soc: soc {
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...
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spi0: spi@e6e90000 {
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compatible = "xxx-compatible";
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status = "disabled";
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...
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};
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...
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}
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```
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在板级 DTS 文件中需要对 pin control 和 spi 部分进行改写和扩充:
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```dts
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&pin-controller {
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...
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spi0_pins: spi0 {
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// 这里是 SPI 要用到的 Pin
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groups = "spi0_clk","spi0_ss1","spi0_txd","spi0_rxd";
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function = "spi0";
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}
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...
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}
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&spi0 {
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pinctrl-0 = <&spi0_pins>;
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pinctrl-names = "default";
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status = "okay";
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// 下面包含两个 spidev
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spirpc@0 {
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compatible = "my_spi_device_0";
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reg = <0>;
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spi-max-frequency = <1000000>;
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};
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spirpc@1 {
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compatible = "my_spi_device_1";
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reg = <1>;
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spi-max-frequency = <1000000>;
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};
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};
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```
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## 2.spidev_dt_ids
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然后修改 spidev.c 中的 spidev_dt_ids[] 数组,增加以下内容:
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```cpp
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/**
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* @file <kernel source>/drivers/spi/spidev.c
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*/
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static const struct of_device_id spidev_dt_ids[] = {
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...
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{ .compatible = "my_spi_device_0" },
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{ .compatible = "my_spi_device_1" },
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...
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}
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```
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最后在 Kernel 中设置 CONFIG_SPI=y,CONFIG_SPI_SPIDEV=y。这样就可以使用 spidev 了,上面相当于 spi0 下声明了两个设备:spidev0.0 和 spidev0.1。
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## 3.特殊说明
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### 3.1.关于 compatible
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在一些例子中,spidev 直接出现在 compatible 字段,这是一种错误的写法,有可能在编译中出现错误或警告:
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```dts
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spirpc@0 {
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compatible = "spidev";
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reg = <0>;
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spi-max-frequency = <1000000>;
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};
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```
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为什么 spidev 不能直接出现在 DeviceTree 的 compatible 字段里,而是需要自定义一个 compatible,并且修改 spidev_dt_ids 呢?这是因为 DeviceTree 应当用于描述硬件信息,而 spidev 并没有描述任何硬件信息。
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Mark Brown wrote:
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```blk
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Since spidev is a detail of how Linux controls a device rather than a description of the hardware in the system we should never have a node described as "spidev" in DT, any SPI device could be a spidev so this is just not a useful description.
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```
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### 3.2.spi gpio
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spidev 除了出现在 spi 节点下意外,还有可能出现在 spi gpio 节点下,spi gpio 是 Linux 下使用 gpio 模拟 spi 控制器的一种方法。若想使用 spi gpio,需要设置 CONFIG_SPI_GPIO=y。
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## 4.内部参考关键字
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* SPI
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* x86
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