增加 Program 部分
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# Python 使用帮助
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首先通过 pip 或 apt-get 等方式安装 ipython。
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输入 python 命令进入交互模式：
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$ python
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>>> import os
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>>> import time
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>>> help(os)
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>>> help(time.localtime())
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>>> help(range)
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按 q 键退出。
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# Python 修正由于文件夹迁移导致符号连接错误的问题
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FORMER_ROOT 为原文件夹路径，CURRENT_PATH 为新路径。例如，原来文件保存在 /home/usr/FormerPath 下，将其移动到 /home/usr/CurrentPath 路径下后，CurrentPath 下的符号连接文件，尤其是使用绝对路径进行连接的文件其指向路径还在 /home/usr/FormerPath 下，使用下列脚本可对其进行修复。
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```py
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#!/usr/bin/python
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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import os
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FORMER_ROOT = "/home/usr/FormerPath"
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CURRENT_PATH = "/home/usr/CurrentPath"
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def procSLink(path):
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lndir = os.readlink(path)
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if lndir.startswith(FORMER_ROOT):
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print "Proc SymFile: "+path
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print "Sym To: "+lndir
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lndir = lndir[len(FORMER_ROOT):]
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npath = CURRENT_PATH+lndir
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print "New Symb:"+npath
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os.remove(path)
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os.symlink(npath, path)
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def procDir(path):
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files = os.listdir(path)
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for f in files:
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file = path + '/' + f
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if(os.path.islink(file)):
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procSLink(file)
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if(os.path.isdir(file)):
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procDir(file)
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procDir(CURRENT_PATH)
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```
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# [OpenCV 使用 CMake 和 MinGW 的编译安装及其在 Qt 配置运行](https://blog.csdn.net/huihut/article/details/78701814)
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版权声明：本文由 修电脑的裁缝酱 原创，博客链接为 <http://blog.csdn.net/huihut> ，转载请注明出处。 <https://blog.csdn.net/huihut/article/details/78701814>
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## 前言
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本篇博文是使用 32 位的 MinGW 在 Windows 下编译 OpenCV 生成 32 位的 dll。
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关于使用 64 位的 MinGW 编译 OpenCV 生成 64 位的 dll，见：OpenCV使用CMake和MinGW-w64的编译安装
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## 编译好的 OpenCV（MinGW 版）：
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Github . huihut/OpenCV-MinGW-Build
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### 软件环境
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* Windows-10-64bit
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* Qt-5.9.3
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* MinGW-5.3.0-32bit
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* CMake-3.9.2
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* OpenCV-3.3.1 / 3.4.1(适用)
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### OpenCV 的 MSVC 版及 MinGW 版
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#### MSVC 版
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下载的 OpenCV 文件夹会有：
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* build （已编译好的库）
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* sources （源码）
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使用 MSVC 的话，直接在
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build/x64/vc14
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里面就有了，配置好路径就可以使用。
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#### MinGW 版
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OpenCV 没有为我们编译好 MinGW 版，所以我们只能自己编译，下面就是介绍 MinGW 版的编译流程。
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也可以直接下载使用我编译好了的 OpenCV （在上文）。
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### 安装及配置 Qt、MinGW、CMake
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#### 安装
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CMake 自行安装，Qt 和 MinGW 可以直接使用qt-opensource-windows-x86-5.9.3.exe 安装包安装，注意选择安装的组件(components)的时候勾选 MinGW :
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* Qt-Qt5.9-MingGW 5.3.0 32 bit
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* Qt-Tools-MinGW 5.3.0
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#### 配置 Qt、MinGW
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安装好后打开QtCreator，在工具-选项-构建和运行-构建套件，选中Desktop Qt 5.9.3 MinGW 32bit，设为默认，OK。
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### 添加 MinGW 到环境变量
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为系统变量 Path 添加 E:\Qt\Qt5.9.3\Tools\mingw530_32\bin
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### 使用 CMake 生成 OpenCV 的 Makefile
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打开 cmake-gui，设置源码和生成路径：
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* Where is the source code: E:/OpenCV_3.3.1/opencv/sources
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* Where to build the binaries: E:/OpenCV_3.3.1/opencv-build
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点击 Configure，设置编译器
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* Specify the generator for this project: MinGW Makefiles
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* Specify native compilers
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* Next
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* Compilers C: E:\Qt\Qt5.9.3\Tools\mingw530_32\bin\gcc.exe
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* Compilers C++: E:\Qt\Qt5.9.3\Tools\mingw530_32\bin\g++.exe
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* Finish
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编译配置：
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* 勾选 WITH_QT
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* 勾选 WITH_OPENGL
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* 勾选 ENABLE_CXX11
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* 不勾选 WITH_IPP
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* 不勾选 WITH_DSHOW
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* 设置 CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX 为你需要的编译安装目录
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点击 Configure，再次配置：
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* 设置 QT_MAKE_EXECUTABLE 为 E:\Qt\Qt5.9.3\5.9.3\mingw53_32\bin\qmake.exe
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* 设置 Qt5Concurrent_DIR 为 E:\Qt\Qt5.9.3\5.9.3\mingw53_32\lib\cmake\Qt5Concurrent
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* 设置 Qt5Core_DIR 为 E:\Qt\Qt5.9.3\5.9.3\mingw53_32\lib\cmake\Qt5Core
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* 设置 Qt5Gui_DIR 为 E:\Qt\Qt5.9.3\5.9.3\mingw53_32\lib\cmake\Qt5Gui
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* 设置 Qt5Test_DIR 为 E:\Qt\Qt5.9.3\5.9.3\mingw53_32\lib\cmake\Qt5Test
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* 设置 Qt5Widgets_DIR 为 E:\Qt\Qt5.9.3\5.9.3\mingw53_32\lib\cmake\Qt5Widgets
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* 设置 Qt5OpenGL_DIR 为 E:\Qt\Qt5.9.3\5.9.3\mingw53_32\lib\cmake\Qt5OpenGL
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* 设置 CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE 为 Release 或者 RelWithDebInfo
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点击 Generate 生成 Makefile
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## 编译 OpenCV
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打开终端进行编译：（-j 是使用 8 个线程进行编译，请根据你的计算机配置合理设置线程数）
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> E:
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> cd E:\OpenCV_3.3.1\opencv-build
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> mingw32-make -j 8
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> mingw32-make install
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如果 mingw32-make -j 8 遇到错误，请看下面的 编译 OpenCV 常见错误，否则执行 mingw32-make install，完成安装。
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## 编译 OpenCV 常见错误
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### 0. 多线程编译错误信息不明确
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#### 表现
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如果使用了多线程编译，导致错误，但是错误信息不明确，如：
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Makefile:161: recipe for target 'all' failed
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mingw32-make: *** [all] Error 2
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#### 解决
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使用单线程编译：
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mingw32-make
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以查看详细的错误提示，再根据具体情况解决。
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### 1、RC 错误
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#### 1.1、表现
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... windres.exe: unknown option -- W ...
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或者
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FORMAT is one of rc, res, or coff, and is deduced from the file name
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extension if not specified. A single file name is an input file.
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No input-file is stdin, default rc. No output-file is stdout, default rc.
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#### 1.2、解决
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在 cmake-gui 编译配置中：不勾选 ENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADERS
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然后重新Configure-Generate-mingw32-make
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### 2. sprintf_instead_use_StringCbPrintfA_or_StringCchPrintfA 错误
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#### 2.1、表现
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...opencv/sources/modules/videoio/src/cap_dshow.cpp...
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... 'sprintf_instead_use_StringCbPrintfA_or_StringCchPrintfA' was not declared in this scope ...
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或者
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Makefile:161: recipe for target 'all' failed
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mingw32-make: *** [all] Error 2
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#### 2.2、解决
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在 cmake-gui 编译配置中不勾选 WITH_DSHOW
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### 3、identifier ‘nullptr’ is a keyword in C++11 错误【2018年3月2日编译OpenCV 3.4.1时遇到并解决】
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#### 3.1、表现
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identifier ‘nullptr’ is a keyword in C++11
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#### 3.2、解决
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在 cmake-gui 编译配置中勾选 ENABLE_CXX11
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然后重新Configure-Generate-mingw32-make
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## 添加 OpenCV 编译的库到环境变量
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为系统变量 Path 添加 E:\OpenCV_3.3.1\opencv-build\install\x86\mingw\bin
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## 新建 OpenCV 的 Qt 项目
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在 .pro 文件里面添加：
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win32 {
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INCLUDEPATH += E:\OpenCV_3.3.1\opencv-build\install\include
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LIBS += E:\OpenCV_3.3.1\opencv-build\install\x86\mingw\bin\libopencv_*.dll
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}
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或者：（区分 debug 和 release 是因为 OpenCV 对其两者有不同的库，你需要把路径改为你自己的，我编译 MinGW 的 OpenCV 只有 release 库）
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win32 {
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INCLUDEPATH += E:\OpenCV_3.3.1\opencv-build\install\include
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CONFIG(debug, debug|release): {
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LIBS += E:\OpenCV_3.3.1\opencv-build\install\x86\mingw\bin\libopencv_*d.dll
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} else:CONFIG(release, debug|release): {
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LIBS += -LE:\OpenCV_3.3.1\opencv-build\install\x86\mingw\bin \
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-llibopencv_core331 \
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-llibopencv_highgui331 \
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-llibopencv_imgcodecs331 \
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-llibopencv_imgproc331 \
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-llibopencv_features2d331 \
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-llibopencv_calib3d331
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}
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}
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其中路径对应替换为你自己的路径。
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然后在 MainWindow 中如下：
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```cpp
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#include "mainwindow.h"
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#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
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#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
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#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
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MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
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QMainWindow(parent),
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ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
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{
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ui->setupUi(this);
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// read an image
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cv::Mat image = cv::imread("E:/Pictures/H_white.png", 1);
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// create image window named "My Image"
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cv::namedWindow("My Image");
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// show the image on window
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cv::imshow("My Image", image);
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}
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MainWindow::~MainWindow()
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{
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delete ui;
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}
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```
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## 官方教程
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* [How to setup Qt and openCV on Windows](https://wiki.qt.io/How_to_setup_Qt_and_openCV_on_Windows)
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