增加 Dmidecode 说明.
Signed-off-by: chen.yang <chen.yang@yuzhen-iot.com>
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# Dmidecode 说明
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dmidecode 命令 可以让你在 Linux 系统下获取有关硬件方面的信息。dmidecode 的作用是将 DMI 数据库中的信息解码，以可读的文本方式显示。由于 DMI 信息可以人为修改，因此里面的信息不一定是系统准确的信息。dmidecode 遵循 SMBIOS/DMI 标准，其输出的信息包括 BIOS、系统、主板、处理器、内存、缓存等等。
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DMI（Desktop Management Interface,DMI）就是帮助收集电脑系统信息的管理系统，DMI 信息的收集必须在严格遵照 SMBIOS 规范的前提下进行。SMBIOS（System Management BIOS）是主板或系统制造者以标准格式显示产品管理信息所需遵循的统一规范。SMBIOS 和 DMI 是由行业指导机构 Desktop Management Task Force(DMTF) 起草的开放性的技术标准，其中 DMI 设计适用于任何的平台和操作系统。
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DMI 充当了管理工具和系统层之间接口的角色。它建立了标准的可管理系统更加方便了电脑厂商和用户对系统的了解。DMI 的主要组成部分是 Management Information Format(MIF) 数据库。这个数据库包括了所有有关电脑系统和配件的信息。通过 DMI，用户可以获取序列号、电脑厂商、串口信息以及其它系统配件信息。
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## 1. 语法
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```bash
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dmidecode [选项]
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```
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## 2. 选项
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```bash
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-d：(default:/dev/mem) 从设备文件读取信息，输出内容与不加参数标准输出相同。
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-h：显示帮助信息。
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-s：只显示指定 DMI 字符串的信息。(string)
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-t：只显示指定条目的信息。(type)
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-u：显示未解码的原始条目内容。
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--dump-bin file：将 DMI 数据转储到一个二进制文件中。
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--from-dump FILE：从一个二进制文件读取 DMI 数据。
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-V：显示版本信息。
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```
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dmidecode 参数 string 及 type 列表：
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1. Valid string keywords are：
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* bios-vendor
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* bios-version
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* bios-release-date
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* system-manufacturer
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* system-product-name
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* system-version
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* system-serial-number
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* system-uuid
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* baseboard-manufacturer
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* baseboard-product-name
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* baseboard-version
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* baseboard-serial-number
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* baseboard-asset-tag
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* chassis-manufacturer
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* chassis-type
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* chassis-version
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* chassis-serial-number
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* chassis-asset-tag
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* processor-family
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* processor-manufacturer
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* processor-version
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* processor-frequency
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2. Valid type keywords are：
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* bios
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* system
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* baseboard
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* chassis
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* processor
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* memory
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* Cache
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* connector
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* slot
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3. type 全部编码列表：
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* BIOS
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* System
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* Base Board
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* Chassis
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* Processor
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* Memory Controller
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* Memory Module
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* Cache
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* Port Connector
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* System Slots
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* On Board Devices
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* OEM Strings
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* System Configuration Options
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* BIOS Language
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* Group Associations
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* System Event Log
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* Physical Memory Array
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* Memory Device
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* 32-bit Memory Error
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* Memory Array Mapped Address
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* Memory Device Mapped Address
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* Built-in Pointing Device
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* Portable Battery
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* System Reset
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* Hardware Security
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* System Power Controls
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* Voltage Probe
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* Cooling Device
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* Temperature Probe
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* Electrical Current Probe
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* Out-of-band Remote Access
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* Boot Integrity Services
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* System Boot
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* 64-bit Memory Error
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* Management Device
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* Management Device Component
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* Management Device Threshold Data
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* Memory Channel
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* IPMI Device
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* Power Supply
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* Additional Information
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* Onboard Device
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## 3. 实例
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```bash
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# 查看服务器型号
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sudo dmidecode | grep 'Product Name'
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# 查看主板的序列号
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sudo dmidecode |grep 'Serial Number'
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# 查看系统序列号
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sudo dmidecode -s system-serial-number
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# 查看内存信息
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sudo dmidecode -t memory
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# 查看 OEM 信息
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sudo dmidecode -t 11
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```
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不带选项执行 dmidecode 命令通常会输出所有的硬件信息。dmidecode 命令有个很有用的选项-t，可以按指定类型输出相关信息，假如要获得处理器方面的信息，则可以执行：
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```bash
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[root@localhost ~] sudo dmidecode -t processor
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dmidecode 2.11
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SMBIOS 2.5 present.
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Handle 0x0001, DMI type 4, 40 bytes
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Processor Information
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Socket Designation: Node 1 Socket 1
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Type: Central Processor
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Family: Xeon MP
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Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corporation
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id: C2 06 02 00 FF FB EB BF
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Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 44, Stepping 2
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Flags:
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FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
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VME (Virtual mode extension)
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DE (Debugging extension)
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PSE (Page size extension)
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TSC (time stamp counter)
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MSR (Model specific registers)
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PAE (Physical address extension)
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MCE (Machine check exception)
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CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported)
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APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported)
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SEP (Fast system call)
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MTRR (Memory type range registers)
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PGE (Page global enable)
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MCA (Machine check architecture)
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CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported)
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PAT (Page attribute table)
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PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)
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CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported)
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DS (Debug store)
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ACPI (ACPI supported)
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MMX (MMX technology supported)
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FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported)
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SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions)
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SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2)
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ss (Self-snoop)
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HTT (Multi-threading)
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TM (Thermal monitor supported)
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PBE (Pending break enabled)
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Version: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz
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Voltage: 1.2 V
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External Clock: 5866 MHz
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Max Speed: 4400 MHz
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Current Speed: 2400 MHz
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Status: Populated, Enabled
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Upgrade: ZIF Socket
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L1 Cache Handle: 0x0002
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L2 Cache Handle: 0x0003
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L3 Cache Handle: 0x0004
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Serial Number: Not Specified
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Asset Tag: Not Specified
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Part Number: Not Specified
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Core Count: 4
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Core Enabled: 4
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Thread Count: 8
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Characteristics:
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64-bit capable
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Handle 0x0055, DMI type 4, 40 bytes
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Processor Information
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Socket Designation: Node 1 Socket 2
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Type: Central Processor
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Family: Xeon MP
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Manufacturer: Not Specified
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ID: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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Signature: Type 0, Family 0, Model 0, Stepping 0
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Flags: None
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Version: Not Specified
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Voltage: 1.2 V
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External Clock: 5866 MHz
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Max Speed: 4400 MHz
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Current Speed: Unknown
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Status: Unpopulated
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Upgrade: ZIF Socket
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L1 Cache Handle: Not Provided
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L2 Cache Handle: Not Provided
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L3 Cache Handle: Not Provided
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Serial Number: Not Specified
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Asset Tag: Not Specified
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Part Number: Not Specified
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Characteristics: None
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