使用 CUPS 搭建 Linux 打印服务器.
Signed-off-by: lion.chan <cy187lion@sina.com>
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# 使用 CUPS 搭建 Linux 打印服务器
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## 1. 搭建基本环境
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安装软件包:
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```bash
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# Manjaro
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sudo pacman -S cups avahi nss-mdns
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```
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Avahi 可用于网络服务的自动发现,Edit the file /etc/nsswitch.conf and change the hosts line to include mdns_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] before resolve and dns:
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```bash
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hosts: mymachines mdns_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] resolve [!UNAVAIL=return] files myhostname dns
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```
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使能 Avahi 发现服务。
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```bash
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sudo systemctl start avahi-daemon.service
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sudo systemctl enable avahi-daemon.service
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```
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创建并编辑 /etc/systemd/system/cups.socket.d/override.conf 文件,内容如下:
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```bash
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[Socket]
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ListenStream=631
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```
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使能 CUPS 服务:
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```bash
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sudo systemctl start cups
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sudo systemctl enable cups
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# Sharing via Line Printer Daemon protocol
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sudo systemctl start cups-lpd.socket
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sudo systemctl enable cups-lpd.socket
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```
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## 2. 配置 CUPS 服务
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在服务器上打开浏览器访问本地 631 端口配置 CUPS 服务,进入 Administration->Server 点击 Advanced 按钮,勾选:
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- Share printers connected to this system
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- Allow printing from the Internet
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- Advertise web interface
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- Allow users to cancel any job (not just their own)
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- Preserve job history
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根据实际需求选择是否勾选 Allow remote administration。
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以上配置实际上开启了 Internet Printing Protocol 共享打印服务和 DNS-SD 广播。如果使能了 cups-lpd.socket 也同时开启了 Line Printer Daemon Protocol 共享打印服务。另外 CUPS 还支持通过 Samba 协议来共享打印。
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如果无法通过浏览器来访问 CUPS 配置,则可以通过修改 /etc/cups/cupsd.conf 文件的方式来配置 CUPS。
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## 3. 安装打印机
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可以通过 CUPS 页面安装打印机,也可以在服务器上直接安装。CUPS 支持本地打印机也支持网络打印机。
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### 3.1. Linux 安装 HP 打印机驱动
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需要安装 HPLIP 程序,该程序支持 Windows、Mac 和多个 Linux 分版。
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```bash
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# Manjaro
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sudo pacman -S hplip
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# 安装打印机插件
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sudo hp-plugin
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```
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之后在打印机配置面板中添加打印机,选择对应型号即可。添加完打印机后,在 CUPS Web 页面 Printers 中可以看到该打印机。
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## 4. Windows 系统连接 CUPS 共享打印服务
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### 4.1. 自动搜索共享打印机
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如果开启了系统防火墙或杀毒软件的防火墙,请暂时关闭防火墙或允许相关服务通过防火墙,否则容易导致 Windows 无法添加 CUPS 共享打印机。需要使用共享打印的计算机与打印服务器需要处在同一局域网内。
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在搜索中输入“打印机”,进入 Windows 系统打印机和扫描仪页面,点击“加号”按钮自动搜索网络打印机,点击该打印机型号则自动安装驱动并添加打印机。
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## 外部参考资料
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1. [CUPS/Printer sharing](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/CUPS/Printer_sharing)
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2. [Avahi](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Avahi)
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3. [配置和使用 CUPS 打印服务器](https://access.redhat.com/documentation/zh-cn/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html-single/configuring_and_using_a_cups_printing_server/index#using-samba-to-print-to-a-windows-print-server-with-kerberos-authentication_configuring-printing)
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