2019-02-28 10:44:47 +08:00
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# Android 8 上使用 BootChart
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2019-02-28 10:40:34 +08:00
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## 基本原理
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bootchart 可以在 Android 系统启动到 init 阶段时开始收集系统信息，并保存成 Log 文件。可在开发机上使用 bootchart 命令对这些 Log 文件进行分析，生成图表。
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Android 8 上默认编译 bootchart 为 init 内置工具。使用方式可参考：
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${AndroidSrc}/system/core/init/README.md
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中与 bootchart 有关的内容。也可以通过分析以下文件了解 bootchart 的启动流程和触发条件。
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${AndroidSrc}/system/core/init/Android.mk
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${AndroidSrc}/system/core/init/builtins.cpp
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${AndroidSrc}/system/core/init/bootchart.cpp
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${AndroidOS}/init.rc
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通过上述文件分析可知，bootchart 会在
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${AndroidOS}/data/bootchart/enabled
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文件存在的情况下被使能。系统启动时，触发其执行的条件可以分析 init.rc 文件，主要触发流程为：
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on property:sys.boot_from_charger_mode=1
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trigger late-init
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on late-init
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trigger post-fs-data
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on post-fs-data
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bootchart start
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结束 bootchart 执行的条件为：
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on property:sys.boot_completed=1
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bootchart stop
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## 使用方法
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在开发机上先安装 bootchart 和 pybootchartgui 用于处理和分析开机数据：
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sudo apt-get install bootchart
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sudo apt-get install pybootchartgui
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接着在目标机上使能 bootchart：
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$ touch /data/bootchart/enabled
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之后重启目标机系统，bootchart 会在启动时自动开始和结束收集目标机系统的启动数据信息。系统启动后在 /data/bootchart/ 路径下会多出几个 Log 文件。使用 adb 命令将这些 Log 文件传输到开发机：
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$ adb pull /data/bootchart/
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接下来，在开发机上使用以下脚本文件对 Log 文件进行分析并生成 PNG 文件：
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```sh
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#!/bin/bash
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FILES="header proc_stat.log proc_ps.log proc_diskstats.log"
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TMPTAR="bootchart.tgz"
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tar -cvzf $TMPTAR $FILES
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bootchart --format=svg -o bootchart.svg $TMPTAR
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rm -rf $TMPTAR
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```
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或者可以使用源码中官方脚本一次完成 Log 文件的下载和分析工作：
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${AndroidSrc}/system/core/init/grab-bootchart.sh
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其内容如下：
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```sh
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#!/bin/sh
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#
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# This script is used to retrieve a bootchart log generated by init.
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# All options are passed to adb, for better or for worse.
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# See the readme in this directory for more on bootcharting.
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TMPDIR=/tmp/android-bootchart
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rm -rf $TMPDIR
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mkdir -p $TMPDIR
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LOGROOT=/data/bootchart
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TARBALL=bootchart.tgz
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FILES="header proc_stat.log proc_ps.log proc_diskstats.log"
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for f in $FILES; do
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adb "${@}" pull $LOGROOT/$f $TMPDIR/$f 2>&1 > /dev/null
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done
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(cd $TMPDIR && tar -czf $TARBALL $FILES)
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bootchart ${TMPDIR}/${TARBALL}
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gnome-open ${TARBALL%.tgz}.png
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echo "Clean up ${TMPDIR}/ and ./${TARBALL%.tgz}.png when done"
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```
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## 性能对比
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Google 还给我们提供了一个比较脚本，用来比较两次开机的数据：
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${AndroidSrc}/system/core/init/compare-bootcharts.py
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首先将两次得到的 Log 文件打包成 tgz 包并保存到不同的目录中如 cmp1_dir 和 cmp2_dir：
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$ FILES="header proc_stat.log proc_ps.log proc_diskstats.log"
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$ TMPTAR="bootchart.tgz"
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$ cd cmp1_dir
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$ tar -cvzf $TMPTAR $FILES
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$ cd ../cmp2_dir
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$ tar -cvzf $TMPTAR $FILES
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$ cd ..
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接着使用如下命令处理两次开机数据
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$ ${AndroidSrc}/compare-bootcharts.py cmp1_dir cmp2_dir
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也可以将以上命令按自己的实际需求写成脚本文件来使用。
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