505 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
505 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
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# [[Gin] HTML 的模板渲染与静态资源文件的加载](https://blog.csdn.net/JN_HoweveR/article/details/129714194)
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作者的 Gin 框架学习是根据 B站视频 [Gin教程_Golang框架Gin入门实战教程](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1fA411F7aM/) 来学习的，对大地老师的评价不吹不捧，很喜欢其讲课风格，而且这个视频特别适合小白学习，强烈推荐。
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## HTML 的模板渲染
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### 全部模板放在一个目录里面的配置方法
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首先在项目根目录中新建 templates 文件夹，然后在文件夹中新建 index.html
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<title>GoWeb</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h2>{{.title}}</h2>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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Gin 框架中使用 c.HTML 可以渲染模板，渲染模板前使用 LoadHTMLGlob() 或者 LoadHTMLFiles() 方法加载模板。
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```go
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package main
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import (
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"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
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"net/http"
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)
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func main() {
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r := gin.Default()
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// 配置模板的文件
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r.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*")
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r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
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c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.html", gin.H{
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"title": "首页",
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})
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})
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r.Run()
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}
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```
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### 模板放在不同目录里面的配置方法
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Gin 框架中如果不同目录下面有同名模板的话我们需要使用下面方法加载模板
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定义模板的时候需要通过 define 定义名称
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templates/admin/index.html
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```html
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<!--相当于给模板定义一个名字 define end 成对出现-->
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{{ define "admin/index.html" }}
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<title>Document</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>后台模板</h1>
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<h3>{{.title}}</h3>
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</body>
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</html>
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{{ end }}
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```
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templates/default/index.html
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```html
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{{ define "default/index.html" }}
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<title>Document</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>前台模板</h1>
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<h3>{{.title}}</h3>
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</body>
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</html>
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{{ end }}
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```
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业务逻辑
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```go
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package main
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import (
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"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
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"net/http"
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)
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func main() {
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r := gin.Default()
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// 配置模板的文件
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r.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/**/*")
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r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
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c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "default/index.html", gin.H{
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"title": "前台首页",
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})
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})
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r.GET("/admin", func(c *gin.Context) {
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c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "admin/index.html", gin.H{
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"title": "后台首页",
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})
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})
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r.Run()
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}
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```
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如果模板在多级目录里面的话需要这样配置 r.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/**/**/*") /**表示目录
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## Gin 模板基本语法
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### {{.}} 输出数据
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模板语法都包含在{{和}}之间，其中 {{.}} 中的点表示当前对象。
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当传入一个结构体对象时，可以根据.来访问结构体的对应字段
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```go
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package main
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import (
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"net/http"
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"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
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)
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type UserInfo struct {
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Name string
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Gender string
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Age int
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}
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/**/*")
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user := UserInfo{
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Name: "张三",
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Gender: "男",
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Age: 18,
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}
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router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
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c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "default/index.html", map[string]interface{}{
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"title": "前台首页",
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"user": user,
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}
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})
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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```html
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{{ define "default/index.html" }}
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<title>Document</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>前台模板</h1>
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<h3>{{.title}}</h3>
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<h4>{{.user.Name}}</h4>
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<h4>{{.user.Age}}</h4>
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</body>
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</html>
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{{end}}
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```
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### 变量
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在模板中声明变量，用来保存传入模板的数据或其他语句生成的结果。
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```html
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<h4>{{$obj := .title}}</h4>
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<h4>{{$obj}}</h4>
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```
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### 比较函数
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布尔函数会将任何类型的零值视为假，其余视为真。
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| 函数 | 说明 |
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|------|------|
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| eq | 如果 arg1 == arg2，则返回真 |
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| ne | 如果 arg1 != arg2，则返回真 |
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| lt | 如果 arg1 < arg2，则返回真 |
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| le | 如果 arg1 <= arg2，则返回真 |
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| gt | 如果 arg1 > arg2，则返回真 |
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| ge | 如果 arg1 >= arg2，则返回真 |
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### 条件判断
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```html
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{{if pipeline}}
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T1
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{{end}}
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{{if pipeline}}
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T1
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{{else}}
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T0
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{{end}}
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{{if pipeline}}
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T1
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{{else if pipeline}}
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T0
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{{end}}
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// score > 60 返回及格,否则返回不及格
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{{if gt .score 60}}
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及格
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{{else}}
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不及格
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{{end}}
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```
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### Range
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使用 range 关键字进行遍历，有以下两种写法，其中 pipeline 的值必须是数组、切片、字典或者通道。
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```html
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{{range $key,$value := .obj}}
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{{$value}}
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{{end}}
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<!--如果 pipeline 的值其长度为0,不会有任何输出-->
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{{range $key,$value := .obj}}
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{{$value}}
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{{else}}
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pipeline 的值其长度为0
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{{end}}
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r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
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c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.html", gin.H{
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"hobby": []string{"吃饭", "睡觉", "打游戏"},
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})
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})
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<ul>
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{{range $key,$value := .hobby}}
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<li>{{$key}}---{{$value}}</li>
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{{end}}
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</ul>
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```
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### With
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```go
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r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
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c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.html", gin.H{
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"article": &Article{
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Title: "标题",
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Desc: "描述",
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Content: "内容",
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},
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})
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})
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```
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```html
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<p>{{.article.Title}}</p>
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<p>{{.article.Desc}}</p>
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<p>{{.article.Content}}</p>
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{{with .article}}
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{{.Title}}
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{{.Desc}}
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{{.Content}}
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{{end}}
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```
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### 自定义模板函数
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```go
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// 自定义模板函数 , 注意要把这个函数放在加载模板前
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r.SetFuncMap(template.FuncMap{
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"UnixToTime": UnixToTime,
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"Println": Println,
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})
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```
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```go
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func UnixToTime(timestamp int) string {
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t := time.Unix(int64(timestamp), 0)
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return t.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
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}
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func Println(str1 string, str2 string) string {
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fmt.Println("str1==>", str1, "str2==>", str2)
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return str1 + "---" + str2
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}
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```
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```go
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package main
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import (
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"fmt"
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"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
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"html/template"
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"net/http"
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"time"
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)
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type Article struct {
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Title string `json:"title"`
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Desc string `json:"desc"`
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Content string `json:"content"`
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}
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// UnixToTime 时间戳转换成日期
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func UnixToTime(timestamp int) string {
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t := time.Unix(int64(timestamp), 0)
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return t.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
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}
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func Println(str1 string, str2 string) string {
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fmt.Println("str1==>", str1, "str2==>", str2)
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return str1 + "---" + str2
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}
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func main() {
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r := gin.Default()
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// 自定义模板函数 , 注意要把这个函数放在加载模板前
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r.SetFuncMap(template.FuncMap{
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"UnixToTime": UnixToTime,
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"Println": Println,
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})
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// 配置模板的文件
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r.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*")
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// 配置静态web目录 第一个参数表示路由,第二个参数表示映射的路径.
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r.Static("/static", "./static")
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r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
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c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.html", gin.H{
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"title": "首页",
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"msg": "koya1",
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"score": 80,
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"hobby": []string{"吃饭", "睡觉", "打游戏"},
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"article": &Article{
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Title: "标题",
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Desc: "描述",
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Content: "内容",
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},
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"date": 1629423555,
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})
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})
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news := &Article{
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Title: "新闻页面",
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Desc: "新闻描述",
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Content: "新闻详情",
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}
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r.GET("/news", func(c *gin.Context) {
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c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "news.html", gin.H{
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|||
|
|
"title": "首页",
|
|||
|
|
"news": news,
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
r.Run()
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
模板里面的语法
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```html
|
|||
|
|
{{UnixToTime .date}}
|
|||
|
|
<br>
|
|||
|
|
{{Println .title .msg}}
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 嵌套 template
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
新建 templates/public/page_header.html
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```html
|
|||
|
|
{{ define "public/page_header.html" }}
|
|||
|
|
<h1>这是一个头部</h1>
|
|||
|
|
{{end}}
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
外部引入
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
* 引入的名字为 page_header.html 中定义的名字
|
|||
|
|
* 引入的时候注意到最后的点（.）
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```html
|
|||
|
|
{{template "public/page_header.html" .}}
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
在 index.html 当中使用
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```html
|
|||
|
|
<!-- 相当于给模板定义一个名字 define end 成对出现-->
|
|||
|
|
{{ define "default/index.html" }}
|
|||
|
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|||
|
|
<html lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<head>
|
|||
|
|
<meta charset="UTF-8">
|
|||
|
|
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
|
|||
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
|
|||
|
|
<title>Document</title>
|
|||
|
|
</head>
|
|||
|
|
<body>
|
|||
|
|
{{template "default/page_header.html" .}}
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</html>
|
|||
|
|
{{end}
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 静态文件的加载
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
当渲染的 HTML 文件中引用了静态文件时，需要配置静态 web 服务，在项目根目录下新建 static 文件夹，其下放一些静态资源文件
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
r.Static("/static","./static") 第一个参数表示路由，第二个参数表示路径
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```go
|
|||
|
|
package main
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
import (
|
|||
|
|
"fmt"
|
|||
|
|
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
|||
|
|
"html/template"
|
|||
|
|
"net/http"
|
|||
|
|
"time"
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
type Article struct {
|
|||
|
|
Title string `json:"title"`
|
|||
|
|
Desc string `json:"desc"`
|
|||
|
|
Content string `json:"content"`
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// UnixToTime 时间戳转换成日期
|
|||
|
|
func UnixToTime(timestamp int) string {
|
|||
|
|
t := time.Unix(int64(timestamp), 0)
|
|||
|
|
return t.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
func Println(str1 string, str2 string) string {
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Println("str1==>", str1, "str2==>", str2)
|
|||
|
|
return str1 + "---" + str2
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
func main() {
|
|||
|
|
r := gin.Default()
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 自定义模板函数 , 注意要把这个函数放在加载模板前
|
|||
|
|
r.SetFuncMap(template.FuncMap{
|
|||
|
|
"UnixToTime": UnixToTime,
|
|||
|
|
"Println": Println,
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 配置模板的文件
|
|||
|
|
r.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*")
|
|||
|
|
// 配置静态web目录 第一个参数表示路由,第二个参数表示映射的路径.
|
|||
|
|
r.Static("/static", "./static")
|
|||
|
|
r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|||
|
|
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.html", gin.H{
|
|||
|
|
"title": "首页",
|
|||
|
|
"msg": "koya1",
|
|||
|
|
"score": 80,
|
|||
|
|
"hobby": []string{"吃饭", "睡觉", "打游戏"},
|
|||
|
|
"article": &Article{
|
|||
|
|
Title: "标题",
|
|||
|
|
Desc: "描述",
|
|||
|
|
Content: "内容",
|
|||
|
|
},
|
|||
|
|
"date": 1629423555,
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
news := &Article{
|
|||
|
|
Title: "新闻页面",
|
|||
|
|
Desc: "新闻描述",
|
|||
|
|
Content: "新闻详情",
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
r.GET("/news", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|||
|
|
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "news.html", gin.H{
|
|||
|
|
"title": "首页",
|
|||
|
|
"news": news,
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
r.Run()
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
```
|