2019-02-28 10:44:47 +08:00
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# Android 8 上使用 BootChart
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2019-02-28 10:40:34 +08:00
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2020-12-28 16:09:35 +08:00
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## 1.基本原理
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2019-02-28 10:40:34 +08:00
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bootchart 可以在 Android 系统启动到 init 阶段时开始收集系统信息,并保存成 Log 文件。可在开发机上使用 bootchart 命令对这些 Log 文件进行分析,生成图表。
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Android 8 上默认编译 bootchart 为 init 内置工具。使用方式可参考:
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2020-05-20 16:18:39 +08:00
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```bash
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${AndroidSrc}/system/core/init/README.md
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```
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2019-02-28 10:40:34 +08:00
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中与 bootchart 有关的内容。也可以通过分析以下文件了解 bootchart 的启动流程和触发条件。
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2020-05-20 16:18:39 +08:00
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```bash
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${AndroidSrc}/system/core/init/Android.mk
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${AndroidSrc}/system/core/init/builtins.cpp
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${AndroidSrc}/system/core/init/bootchart.cpp
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${AndroidOS}/init.rc
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```
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2019-02-28 10:40:34 +08:00
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通过上述文件分析可知,bootchart 会在
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2020-05-20 16:18:39 +08:00
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```bash
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${AndroidOS}/data/bootchart/enabled
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```
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2019-02-28 10:40:34 +08:00
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文件存在的情况下被使能。系统启动时,触发其执行的条件可以分析 init.rc 文件,主要触发流程为:
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2020-05-20 16:18:39 +08:00
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```ini
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on property:sys.boot_from_charger_mode=1
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trigger late-init
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on late-init
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trigger post-fs-data
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on post-fs-data
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bootchart start
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```
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2019-02-28 10:40:34 +08:00
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结束 bootchart 执行的条件为:
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2020-05-20 16:18:39 +08:00
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```ini
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on property:sys.boot_completed=1
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bootchart stop
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```
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2019-02-28 10:40:34 +08:00
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2020-12-28 16:09:35 +08:00
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## 2.使用方法
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2019-02-28 10:40:34 +08:00
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在开发机上先安装 bootchart 和 pybootchartgui 用于处理和分析开机数据:
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2020-05-20 16:18:39 +08:00
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```bash
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2022-04-29 13:20:16 +08:00
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sudo apt install bootchart
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sudo apt install pybootchartgui
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2020-05-20 16:18:39 +08:00
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```
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2019-02-28 10:40:34 +08:00
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接着在目标机上使能 bootchart:
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2020-05-20 16:18:39 +08:00
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```bash
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touch /data/bootchart/enabled
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```
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2019-02-28 10:40:34 +08:00
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之后重启目标机系统,bootchart 会在启动时自动开始和结束收集目标机系统的启动数据信息。系统启动后在 /data/bootchart/ 路径下会多出几个 Log 文件。使用 adb 命令将这些 Log 文件传输到开发机:
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2020-05-20 16:18:39 +08:00
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```bash
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adb pull /data/bootchart/
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```
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2019-02-28 10:40:34 +08:00
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接下来,在开发机上使用以下脚本文件对 Log 文件进行分析并生成 PNG 文件:
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2020-05-20 16:18:39 +08:00
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```bash
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2019-02-28 10:40:34 +08:00
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#!/bin/bash
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FILES="header proc_stat.log proc_ps.log proc_diskstats.log"
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TMPTAR="bootchart.tgz"
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tar -cvzf $TMPTAR $FILES
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bootchart --format=svg -o bootchart.svg $TMPTAR
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rm -rf $TMPTAR
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```
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或者可以使用源码中官方脚本一次完成 Log 文件的下载和分析工作:
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2020-05-20 16:18:39 +08:00
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```bash
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${AndroidSrc}/system/core/init/grab-bootchart.sh
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```
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2019-02-28 10:40:34 +08:00
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其内容如下:
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2020-05-20 16:18:39 +08:00
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```bash
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2019-02-28 10:40:34 +08:00
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#!/bin/sh
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#
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# This script is used to retrieve a bootchart log generated by init.
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# All options are passed to adb, for better or for worse.
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# See the readme in this directory for more on bootcharting.
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TMPDIR=/tmp/android-bootchart
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rm -rf $TMPDIR
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mkdir -p $TMPDIR
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LOGROOT=/data/bootchart
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TARBALL=bootchart.tgz
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FILES="header proc_stat.log proc_ps.log proc_diskstats.log"
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for f in $FILES; do
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adb "${@}" pull $LOGROOT/$f $TMPDIR/$f 2>&1 > /dev/null
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done
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(cd $TMPDIR && tar -czf $TARBALL $FILES)
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bootchart ${TMPDIR}/${TARBALL}
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gnome-open ${TARBALL%.tgz}.png
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echo "Clean up ${TMPDIR}/ and ./${TARBALL%.tgz}.png when done"
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```
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2020-12-28 16:09:35 +08:00
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## 3.性能对比
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2019-02-28 10:40:34 +08:00
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Google 还给我们提供了一个比较脚本,用来比较两次开机的数据:
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2020-05-20 16:18:39 +08:00
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```bash
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${AndroidSrc}/system/core/init/compare-bootcharts.py
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```
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2019-02-28 10:40:34 +08:00
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首先将两次得到的 Log 文件打包成 tgz 包并保存到不同的目录中如 cmp1_dir 和 cmp2_dir:
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2020-05-20 16:18:39 +08:00
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```bash
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FILES="header proc_stat.log proc_ps.log proc_diskstats.log"
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TMPTAR="bootchart.tgz"
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cd cmp1_dir
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tar -cvzf $TMPTAR $FILES
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cd ../cmp2_dir
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tar -cvzf $TMPTAR $FILES
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cd ..
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```
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2019-02-28 10:40:34 +08:00
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接着使用如下命令处理两次开机数据
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2020-05-20 16:18:39 +08:00
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```bash
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${AndroidSrc}/compare-bootcharts.py cmp1_dir cmp2_dir
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```
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2019-02-28 10:40:34 +08:00
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也可以将以上命令按自己的实际需求写成脚本文件来使用。
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2020-12-28 16:09:35 +08:00
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## 4.常见错误处理
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### 4.1.ZeroDivisionError / substring not found
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执行脚本时,如提示如下错误:
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```bash
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File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/pybootchartgui/draw.py", line
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201, in draw_chart
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yscale = float(chart_bounds[3]) / max(y for (x,y) in data)
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ZeroDivisionError: float division
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# 或
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state = get_proc_state( sample.state )
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File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/pybootchartgui/draw.py", line 105, in get_proc_state
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return "RSDTZXW".index(flag) + 1
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ValueError: substring not found
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```
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需修改 /usr/share/pyshared/pybootchartgui/ 或 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pybootchartgui 目录的 draw.py, parsing.py, samples.py 三个文件。
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```diff
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2020-12-28 16:36:41 +08:00
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diff a/draw.py b/draw.py
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--- a/draw.py
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+++ b/draw.py
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@@ 195 @@ def draw_chart(ctx, color, fill, chart_bounds, data, proc_tree):
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2020-12-28 16:09:35 +08:00
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def transform_point_coords(point, x_base, y_base, xscale, yscale, x_trans, y_trans):
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x = (point[0] - x_base) * xscale + x_trans
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y = (point[1] - y_base) * -yscale + y_trans + bar_h
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return x, y
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- xscale = float(chart_bounds[2]) / max(x for (x,y) in data)
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- yscale = float(chart_bounds[3]) / max(y for (x,y) in data)
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+ xscale = float(chart_bounds[2]) / max(0.00001, max(x for (x,y) in data))
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+ yscale = float(chart_bounds[3]) / max(0.00001, max(y for (x,y) in data))
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first = transform_point_coords(data[0], x_shift, 0, xscale, yscale, chart_bounds[0], chart_bounds[1])
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last = transform_point_coords(data[-1], x_shift, 0, xscale, yscale, chart_bounds[0], chart_bounds[1])
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2020-12-28 16:36:41 +08:00
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@@ 105 @@ def get_proc_state(flag):
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2020-12-28 16:09:35 +08:00
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- return "RSDTZXW".index(flag) + 1
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+ return "RSDTZXW".find(flag) + 1
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def draw_text(ctx, text, color, x, y):
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2020-12-28 16:36:41 +08:00
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diff a/parsing.py b/parsing.py
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--- a/parsing.py
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+++ b/parsing.py
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@@ 166 @@ def _parse_proc_disk_stat_log(file, numCpu):
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2020-12-28 16:09:35 +08:00
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for sample1, sample2 in zip(disk_stat_samples[:-1], disk_stat_samples[1:]):
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interval = sample1.time - sample2.time
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sums = [ a - b for a, b in zip(sample1.diskdata, sample2.diskdata) ]
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+ if interval == 0:
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+ interval = 1
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readTput = sums[0] / 2.0 * 100.0 / interval
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writeTput = sums[1] / 2.0 * 100.0 / interval
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2020-12-28 16:36:41 +08:00
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diff a/samples.py b/samples.py
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--- a/samples.py
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+++ b/samples.py
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@@ 82 @@ def calc_load(self, userCpu, sysCpu, interval):
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2020-12-28 16:09:35 +08:00
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+ if interval == 0:
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+ interval = 1
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userCpuLoad = float(userCpu - self.last_user_cpu_time) / interval
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sysCpuLoad = float(sysCpu - self.last_sys_cpu_time) / interval
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```
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