69 lines
2.8 KiB
Markdown
69 lines
2.8 KiB
Markdown
|
# Ubuntu 初始配置
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 使用清华源
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Ubuntu 的软件源配置文件是 /etc/apt/sources.list。将系统自带的该文件做个备份，将该文件替换为清华的软件源配置文件，即可使用 TUNA 的软件源镜像。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
适用于 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 的清华源配置文件如下：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```sh
|
|||
|
|
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
|
|||
|
|
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
|
|||
|
|
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
|
|||
|
|
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
|
|||
|
|
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
|
|||
|
|
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
|
|||
|
|
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
|
|||
|
|
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
|
|||
|
|
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
|
|||
|
|
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
|
|||
|
|
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
其他版本 Ubuntu 系统清华源配置文件可参考 <https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 安装 Gnome3
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
sudo apt-get install gnome gnome-audio gnome-shell gnome-terminal gnome-themes-extra gnome-tweaks gnome-tweak-tool gnome-icon-theme gnome-control-center gnome-colors gnome-color-chooser gnome-color-manager gnome-calendar gnome-calculator gnome-backgrounds gnome-alsamixer
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 安装主题
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
示例如下：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
sudo apt-get install breeze-icon-theme breeze-cursor-theme breeze-gtk-theme
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
之后在 gnome tweak tool 中可更换主题。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 安装中文输入法
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Gnome3 默认支持 ibus 输入法，安装方法如下：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
sudo apt-get install ibus-pinyin ibus-sunpinyin ibus-gtk ibus-gtk3 ibus-qt4
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
不安装 ibus-gtk、ibus-gtk3 和 ibus-qt4 的话将不会产生光标跟随效果，输入法待选字都在左下角。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
之后在 system settings -> Region & Language 里面增加输入法，重启后生效。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 切换登陆管理器
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
默认在安装 Gnome3 时会弹出登陆管理器切换界面，如需自行修改的话可使用如下命令：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
或
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 查看已安装工具包
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
dpkg -l
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
可配合 grep 工具使用。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 安装开发工具
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
sudo apt-get install build-essential
|
|||
|
|
sudo apt-get install global
|