tview/textview.go

package tview

import (
	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"regexp"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"unicode/utf8"

	"github.com/gdamore/tcell/v2"
	colorful "github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful"
	"github.com/rivo/uniseg"
)

var (
	openColorRegex  = regexp.MustCompile(`\[([a-zA-Z]*|#[0-9a-zA-Z]*)$`)
	openRegionRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`\["[a-zA-Z0-9_,;: \-\.]*"?$`)
	newLineRegex    = regexp.MustCompile(`\r?\n`)

	// TabSize is the number of spaces with which a tab character will be replaced.
	TabSize = 4
)

// textViewIndex contains information about a line displayed in the text view.
type textViewIndex struct {
	Line            int    // The index into the "buffer" slice.
	Pos             int    // The index into the "buffer" string (byte position).
	NextPos         int    // The (byte) index of the next line start within this buffer string.
	Width           int    // The screen width of this line.
	ForegroundColor string // The starting foreground color ("" = don't change, "-" = reset).
	BackgroundColor string // The starting background color ("" = don't change, "-" = reset).
	Attributes      string // The starting attributes ("" = don't change, "-" = reset).
	Region          string // The starting region ID.
}

// textViewRegion contains information about a region.
type textViewRegion struct {
	// The region ID.
	ID string

	// The starting and end screen position of the region as determined the last
	// time Draw() was called. A negative value indicates out-of-rect positions.
	FromX, FromY, ToX, ToY int
}

// TextViewWriter is a writer that can be used to write to and clear a TextView
// in batches, i.e. multiple writes with the lock only being acquired once. Don't
// instantiated this class directly but use the TextView's BatchWriter method
// instead.
type TextViewWriter struct {
	t *TextView
}

// Close implements io.Closer for the writer by unlocking the original TextView.
func (w TextViewWriter) Close() error {
	w.t.Unlock()
	return nil
}

// Clear removes all text from the buffer.
func (w TextViewWriter) Clear() {
	w.t.clear()
}

// Write implements the io.Writer interface. It behaves like the TextView's
// Write() method except that it does not acquire the lock.
func (w TextViewWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
	return w.t.write(p)
}

// HasFocus returns whether the underlying TextView has focus.
func (w TextViewWriter) HasFocus() bool {
	return w.t.hasFocus
}

// TextView is a box which displays text. While the text to be displayed can be
// changed or appended to, there is no functionality that allows the user to
// edit text. For that, TextArea should be used.
//
// TextView implements the io.Writer interface so you can stream text to it,
// appending to the existing text. This does not trigger a redraw automatically
// but if a handler is installed via SetChangedFunc(), you can cause it to be
// redrawn. (See SetChangedFunc() for more details.)
//
// # Navigation
//
// If the text view is scrollable (the default), text is kept in a buffer which
// may be larger than the screen and can be navigated similarly to Vim:
//
//   - h, left arrow: Move left.
//   - l, right arrow: Move right.
//   - j, down arrow: Move down.
//   - k, up arrow: Move up.
//   - g, home: Move to the top.
//   - G, end: Move to the bottom.
//   - Ctrl-F, page down: Move down by one page.
//   - Ctrl-B, page up: Move up by one page.
//
// If the text is not scrollable, any text above the top visible line is
// discarded.
//
// Use SetInputCapture() to override or modify keyboard input.
//
// # Colors
//
// If dynamic colors are enabled via SetDynamicColors(), text color can be
// changed dynamically by embedding color strings in square brackets. This works
// the same way as anywhere else. Please see the package documentation for more
// information.
//
// # Regions and Highlights
//
// If regions are enabled via SetRegions(), you can define text regions within
// the text and assign region IDs to them. Text regions start with region tags.
// Region tags are square brackets that contain a region ID in double quotes,
// for example:
//
//	We define a ["rg"]region[""] here.
//
// A text region ends with the next region tag. Tags with no region ID ([""])
// don't start new regions. They can therefore be used to mark the end of a
// region. Region IDs must satisfy the following regular expression:
//
//	[a-zA-Z0-9_,;: \-\.]+
//
// Regions can be highlighted by calling the Highlight() function with one or
// more region IDs. This can be used to display search results, for example.
//
// The ScrollToHighlight() function can be used to jump to the currently
// highlighted region once when the text view is drawn the next time.
//
// # Large Texts
//
// This widget is not designed for very large texts as word wrapping, color and
// region tag handling, and proper Unicode handling will result in a significant
// performance hit the longer your text gets. Consider using SetMaxLines() to
// limit the number of lines in the text view.
//
// See https://github.com/rivo/tview/wiki/TextView for an example.
type TextView struct {
	sync.Mutex
	*Box

	// The size of the text area. If set to 0, the text view will use the entire
	// available space.
	width, height int

	// The text buffer.
	buffer []string

	// The last bytes that have been received but are not part of the buffer yet.
	recentBytes []byte

	// The processed line index. This is nil if the buffer has changed and needs
	// to be re-indexed.
	index []*textViewIndex

	// The label text shown, usually when part of a form.
	label string

	// The width of the text area's label.
	labelWidth int

	// The label style.
	labelStyle tcell.Style

	// The text alignment, one of AlignLeft, AlignCenter, or AlignRight.
	align int

	// Information about visible regions as of the last call to Draw().
	regionInfos []*textViewRegion

	// Indices into the "index" slice which correspond to the first line of the
	// first highlight and the last line of the last highlight. This is calculated
	// during re-indexing. Set to -1 if there is no current highlight.
	fromHighlight, toHighlight int

	// The screen space column of the highlight in its first line. Set to -1 if
	// there is no current highlight.
	posHighlight int

	// A set of region IDs that are currently highlighted.
	highlights map[string]struct{}

	// The last width for which the current text view is drawn.
	lastWidth int

	// The screen width of the longest line in the index (not the buffer).
	longestLine int

	// The index of the first line shown in the text view.
	lineOffset int

	// If set to true, the text view will always remain at the end of the content.
	trackEnd bool

	// The number of characters to be skipped on each line (not used in wrap
	// mode).
	columnOffset int

	// The maximum number of lines kept in the line index, effectively the
	// latest word-wrapped lines. Ignored if 0.
	maxLines int

	// The height of the content the last time the text view was drawn.
	pageSize int

	// If set to true, the text view will keep a buffer of text which can be
	// navigated when the text is longer than what fits into the box.
	scrollable bool

	// If set to true, lines that are longer than the available width are wrapped
	// onto the next line. If set to false, any characters beyond the available
	// width are discarded.
	wrap bool

	// If set to true and if wrap is also true, lines are split at spaces or
	// after punctuation characters.
	wordWrap bool

	// The (starting) style of the text. This also defines the background color
	// of the main text element.
	textStyle tcell.Style

	// If set to true, the text color can be changed dynamically by piping color
	// strings in square brackets to the text view.
	dynamicColors bool

	// If set to true, region tags can be used to define regions.
	regions bool

	// A temporary flag which, when true, will automatically bring the current
	// highlight(s) into the visible screen.
	scrollToHighlights bool

	// If true, setting new highlights will be a XOR instead of an overwrite
	// operation.
	toggleHighlights bool

	// An optional function which is called when the content of the text view has
	// changed.
	changed func()

	// An optional function which is called when the user presses one of the
	// following keys: Escape, Enter, Tab, Backtab.
	done func(tcell.Key)

	// An optional function which is called when one or more regions were
	// highlighted.
	highlighted func(added, removed, remaining []string)

	// A callback function set by the Form class and called when the user leaves
	// this form item.
	finished func(tcell.Key)
}

// NewTextView returns a new text view.
func NewTextView() *TextView {
	return &TextView{
		Box:           NewBox(),
		labelStyle:    tcell.StyleDefault.Foreground(Styles.SecondaryTextColor),
		highlights:    make(map[string]struct{}),
		lineOffset:    -1,
		scrollable:    true,
		align:         AlignLeft,
		wrap:          true,
		textStyle:     tcell.StyleDefault.Background(Styles.PrimitiveBackgroundColor).Foreground(Styles.PrimaryTextColor),
		regions:       false,
		dynamicColors: false,
	}
}

// SetLabel sets the text to be displayed before the text view.
func (t *TextView) SetLabel(label string) *TextView {
	t.label = label
	return t
}

// GetLabel returns the text to be displayed before the text view.
func (t *TextView) GetLabel() string {
	return t.label
}

// SetLabelWidth sets the screen width of the label. A value of 0 will cause the
// primitive to use the width of the label string.
func (t *TextView) SetLabelWidth(width int) *TextView {
	t.labelWidth = width
	return t
}

// SetSize sets the screen size of the main text element of the text view. This
// element is always located next to the label which is always located in the
// top left corner. If any of the values are 0 or larger than the available
// space, the available space will be used.
func (t *TextView) SetSize(rows, columns int) *TextView {
	t.width = columns
	t.height = rows
	return t
}

// GetFieldWidth returns this primitive's field width.
func (t *TextView) GetFieldWidth() int {
	return t.width
}

// GetFieldHeight returns this primitive's field height.
func (t *TextView) GetFieldHeight() int {
	return t.height
}

// SetDisabled sets whether or not the item is disabled / read-only.
func (t *TextView) SetDisabled(disabled bool) FormItem {
	return t // Text views are always read-only.
}

// SetScrollable sets the flag that decides whether or not the text view is
// scrollable. If true, text is kept in a buffer and can be navigated. If false,
// the last line will always be visible.
func (t *TextView) SetScrollable(scrollable bool) *TextView {
	t.scrollable = scrollable
	if !scrollable {
		t.trackEnd = true
	}
	return t
}

// SetWrap sets the flag that, if true, leads to lines that are longer than the
// available width being wrapped onto the next line. If false, any characters
// beyond the available width are not displayed.
func (t *TextView) SetWrap(wrap bool) *TextView {
	if t.wrap != wrap {
		t.index = nil
	}
	t.wrap = wrap
	return t
}

// SetWordWrap sets the flag that, if true and if the "wrap" flag is also true
// (see SetWrap()), wraps the line at spaces or after punctuation marks. Note
// that trailing spaces will not be printed.
//
// This flag is ignored if the "wrap" flag is false.
func (t *TextView) SetWordWrap(wrapOnWords bool) *TextView {
	if t.wordWrap != wrapOnWords {
		t.index = nil
	}
	t.wordWrap = wrapOnWords
	return t
}

// SetMaxLines sets the maximum number of lines for this text view. Lines at the
// beginning of the text will be discarded when the text view is drawn, so as to
// remain below this value. Broken lines via word wrapping are counted
// individually.
//
// Note that GetText() will return the shortened text and may start with color
// and/or region tags that were open at the cutoff point.
//
// A value of 0 (the default) will keep all lines in place.
func (t *TextView) SetMaxLines(maxLines int) *TextView {
	t.maxLines = maxLines
	return t
}

// SetTextAlign sets the text alignment within the text view. This must be
// either AlignLeft, AlignCenter, or AlignRight.
func (t *TextView) SetTextAlign(align int) *TextView {
	if t.align != align {
		t.index = nil
	}
	t.align = align
	return t
}

// SetTextColor sets the initial color of the text (which can be changed
// dynamically by sending color strings in square brackets to the text view if
// dynamic colors are enabled).
func (t *TextView) SetTextColor(color tcell.Color) *TextView {
	t.textStyle = t.textStyle.Foreground(color)
	return t
}

// SetBackgroundColor overrides its implementation in Box to set the background
// color of this primitive. For backwards compatibility reasons, it also sets
// the background color of the main text element.
func (t *TextView) SetBackgroundColor(color tcell.Color) *Box {
	t.Box.SetBackgroundColor(color)
	t.textStyle = t.textStyle.Background(color)
	return t.Box
}

// SetTextStyle sets the initial style of the text (which can be changed
// dynamically by sending color strings in square brackets to the text view if
// dynamic colors are enabled). This style's background color also determines
// the background color of the main text element (even if empty).
func (t *TextView) SetTextStyle(style tcell.Style) *TextView {
	t.textStyle = style
	return t
}

// SetText sets the text of this text view to the provided string. Previously
// contained text will be removed. As with writing to the text view io.Writer
// interface directly, this does not trigger an automatic redraw but it will
// trigger the "changed" callback if one is set.
func (t *TextView) SetText(text string) *TextView {
	batch := t.BatchWriter()
	defer batch.Close()

	batch.Clear()
	fmt.Fprint(batch, text)
	return t
}

// GetText returns the current text of this text view. If "stripAllTags" is set
// to true, any region/color tags are stripped from the text.
func (t *TextView) GetText(stripAllTags bool) string {
	// Get the buffer.
	buffer := t.buffer
	if !stripAllTags {
		buffer = make([]string, len(t.buffer), len(t.buffer)+1)
		copy(buffer, t.buffer)
		buffer = append(buffer, string(t.recentBytes))
	}

	// Add newlines again.
	text := strings.Join(buffer, "\n")

	// Strip from tags if required.
	if stripAllTags {
		if t.regions {
			text = regionPattern.ReplaceAllString(text, "")
		}
		if t.dynamicColors {
			text = stripTags(text)
		}
		if t.regions && !t.dynamicColors {
			text = escapePattern.ReplaceAllString(text, `[$1$2]`)
		}
	}

	return text
}

// GetOriginalLineCount returns the number of lines in the original text buffer,
// i.e. the number of newline characters plus one.
func (t *TextView) GetOriginalLineCount() int {
	return len(t.buffer)
}

// SetDynamicColors sets the flag that allows the text color to be changed
// dynamically. See class description for details.
func (t *TextView) SetDynamicColors(dynamic bool) *TextView {
	if t.dynamicColors != dynamic {
		t.index = nil
	}
	t.dynamicColors = dynamic
	return t
}

// SetRegions sets the flag that allows to define regions in the text. See class
// description for details.
func (t *TextView) SetRegions(regions bool) *TextView {
	if t.regions != regions {
		t.index = nil
	}
	t.regions = regions
	return t
}

// SetChangedFunc sets a handler function which is called when the text of the
// text view has changed. This is useful when text is written to this io.Writer
// in a separate goroutine. Doing so does not automatically cause the screen to
// be refreshed so you may want to use the "changed" handler to redraw the
// screen.
//
// Note that to avoid race conditions or deadlocks, there are a few rules you
// should follow:
//
//   - You can call Application.Draw() from this handler.
//   - You can call TextView.HasFocus() from this handler.
//   - During the execution of this handler, access to any other variables from
//     this primitive or any other primitive must be queued using
//     Application.QueueUpdate().
//
// See package description for details on dealing with concurrency.
func (t *TextView) SetChangedFunc(handler func()) *TextView {
	t.changed = handler
	return t
}

// SetDoneFunc sets a handler which is called when the user presses on the
// following keys: Escape, Enter, Tab, Backtab. The key is passed to the
// handler.
func (t *TextView) SetDoneFunc(handler func(key tcell.Key)) *TextView {
	t.done = handler
	return t
}

// SetHighlightedFunc sets a handler which is called when the list of currently
// highlighted regions change. It receives a list of region IDs which were newly
// highlighted, those that are not highlighted anymore, and those that remain
// highlighted.
//
// Note that because regions are only determined during drawing, this function
// can only fire for regions that have existed during the last call to Draw().
func (t *TextView) SetHighlightedFunc(handler func(added, removed, remaining []string)) *TextView {
	t.highlighted = handler
	return t
}

// SetFinishedFunc sets a callback invoked when the user leaves this form item.
func (t *TextView) SetFinishedFunc(handler func(key tcell.Key)) FormItem {
	t.finished = handler
	return t
}

// SetFormAttributes sets attributes shared by all form items.
func (t *TextView) SetFormAttributes(labelWidth int, labelColor, bgColor, fieldTextColor, fieldBgColor tcell.Color) FormItem {
	t.labelWidth = labelWidth
	t.backgroundColor = bgColor
	t.labelStyle = t.labelStyle.Foreground(labelColor)
	// We ignore the field background color because this is a read-only element.
	t.textStyle = tcell.StyleDefault.Foreground(fieldTextColor).Background(bgColor)
	return t
}

// ScrollTo scrolls to the specified row and column (both starting with 0).
func (t *TextView) ScrollTo(row, column int) *TextView {
	if !t.scrollable {
		return t
	}
	t.lineOffset = row
	t.columnOffset = column
	t.trackEnd = false
	return t
}

// ScrollToBeginning scrolls to the top left corner of the text if the text view
// is scrollable.
func (t *TextView) ScrollToBeginning() *TextView {
	if !t.scrollable {
		return t
	}
	t.trackEnd = false
	t.lineOffset = 0
	t.columnOffset = 0
	return t
}

// ScrollToEnd scrolls to the bottom left corner of the text if the text view
// is scrollable. Adding new rows to the end of the text view will cause it to
// scroll with the new data.
func (t *TextView) ScrollToEnd() *TextView {
	if !t.scrollable {
		return t
	}
	t.trackEnd = true
	t.columnOffset = 0
	return t
}

// GetScrollOffset returns the number of rows and columns that are skipped at
// the top left corner when the text view has been scrolled.
func (t *TextView) GetScrollOffset() (row, column int) {
	return t.lineOffset, t.columnOffset
}

// Clear removes all text from the buffer.
func (t *TextView) Clear() *TextView {
	t.Lock()
	defer t.Unlock()

	t.clear()
	return t
}

// clear is the internal implementaton of clear. It is used by TextViewWriter
// and anywhere that we need to perform a write without locking the buffer.
func (t *TextView) clear() {
	t.buffer = nil
	t.recentBytes = nil
	t.index = nil
}

// Highlight specifies which regions should be highlighted. If highlight
// toggling is set to true (see SetToggleHighlights()), the highlight of the
// provided regions is toggled (highlighted regions are un-highlighted and vice
// versa). If toggling is set to false, the provided regions are highlighted and
// all other regions will not be highlighted (you may also provide nil to turn
// off all highlights).
//
// For more information on regions, see class description. Empty region strings
// are ignored.
//
// Text in highlighted regions will be drawn inverted, i.e. with their
// background and foreground colors swapped.
func (t *TextView) Highlight(regionIDs ...string) *TextView {
	// Toggle highlights.
	if t.toggleHighlights {
		var newIDs []string
	HighlightLoop:
		for regionID := range t.highlights {
			for _, id := range regionIDs {
				if regionID == id {
					continue HighlightLoop
				}
			}
			newIDs = append(newIDs, regionID)
		}
		for _, regionID := range regionIDs {
			if _, ok := t.highlights[regionID]; !ok {
				newIDs = append(newIDs, regionID)
			}
		}
		regionIDs = newIDs
	} // Now we have a list of region IDs that end up being highlighted.

	// Determine added and removed regions.
	var added, removed, remaining []string
	if t.highlighted != nil {
		for _, regionID := range regionIDs {
			if _, ok := t.highlights[regionID]; ok {
				remaining = append(remaining, regionID)
				delete(t.highlights, regionID)
			} else {
				added = append(added, regionID)
			}
		}
		for regionID := range t.highlights {
			removed = append(removed, regionID)
		}
	}

	// Make new selection.
	t.highlights = make(map[string]struct{})
	for _, id := range regionIDs {
		if id == "" {
			continue
		}
		t.highlights[id] = struct{}{}
	}
	t.index = nil

	// Notify.
	if t.highlighted != nil && len(added) > 0 || len(removed) > 0 {
		t.highlighted(added, removed, remaining)
	}

	return t
}

// GetHighlights returns the IDs of all currently highlighted regions.
func (t *TextView) GetHighlights() (regionIDs []string) {
	for id := range t.highlights {
		regionIDs = append(regionIDs, id)
	}
	return
}

// SetToggleHighlights sets a flag to determine how regions are highlighted.
// When set to true, the Highlight() function (or a mouse click) will toggle the
// provided/selected regions. When set to false, Highlight() (or a mouse click)
// will simply highlight the provided regions.
func (t *TextView) SetToggleHighlights(toggle bool) *TextView {
	t.toggleHighlights = toggle
	return t
}

// ScrollToHighlight will cause the visible area to be scrolled so that the
// highlighted regions appear in the visible area of the text view. This
// repositioning happens the next time the text view is drawn. It happens only
// once so you will need to call this function repeatedly to always keep
// highlighted regions in view.
//
// Nothing happens if there are no highlighted regions or if the text view is
// not scrollable.
func (t *TextView) ScrollToHighlight() *TextView {
	if len(t.highlights) == 0 || !t.scrollable || !t.regions {
		return t
	}
	t.index = nil
	t.scrollToHighlights = true
	t.trackEnd = false
	return t
}

// GetRegionText returns the text of the region with the given ID. If dynamic
// colors are enabled, color tags are stripped from the text. Newlines are
// always returned as '\n' runes.
//
// If the region does not exist or if regions are turned off, an empty string
// is returned.
func (t *TextView) GetRegionText(regionID string) string {
	if !t.regions || regionID == "" {
		return ""
	}

	var (
		buffer          bytes.Buffer
		currentRegionID string
	)

	for _, str := range t.buffer {
		// Find all color tags in this line.
		var colorTagIndices [][]int
		if t.dynamicColors {
			colorTagIndices = colorPattern.FindAllStringIndex(str, -1)
		}

		// Find all regions in this line.
		var (
			regionIndices [][]int
			regions       [][]string
		)
		if t.regions {
			regionIndices = regionPattern.FindAllStringIndex(str, -1)
			regions = regionPattern.FindAllStringSubmatch(str, -1)
		}

		// Analyze this line.
		var currentTag, currentRegion int
		for pos, ch := range str {
			// Skip any color tags.
			if currentTag < len(colorTagIndices) && pos >= colorTagIndices[currentTag][0] && pos < colorTagIndices[currentTag][1] {
				tag := currentTag
				if pos == colorTagIndices[tag][1]-1 {
					currentTag++
				}
				if colorTagIndices[tag][1]-colorTagIndices[tag][0] > 2 {
					continue
				}
			}

			// Skip any regions.
			if currentRegion < len(regionIndices) && pos >= regionIndices[currentRegion][0] && pos < regionIndices[currentRegion][1] {
				if pos == regionIndices[currentRegion][1]-1 {
					if currentRegionID == regionID {
						// This is the end of the requested region. We're done.
						return buffer.String()
					}
					currentRegionID = regions[currentRegion][1]
					currentRegion++
				}
				continue
			}

			// Add this rune.
			if currentRegionID == regionID {
				buffer.WriteRune(ch)
			}
		}

		// Add newline.
		if currentRegionID == regionID {
			buffer.WriteRune('\n')
		}
	}

	return escapePattern.ReplaceAllString(buffer.String(), `[$1$2]`)
}

// Focus is called when this primitive receives focus.
func (t *TextView) Focus(delegate func(p Primitive)) {
	// Implemented here with locking because this is used by layout primitives.
	t.Lock()
	defer t.Unlock()

	// But if we're part of a form and not scrollable, there's nothing the user
	// can do here so we're finished.
	if t.finished != nil && !t.scrollable {
		t.finished(-1)
		return
	}

	t.Box.Focus(delegate)
}

// HasFocus returns whether or not this primitive has focus.
func (t *TextView) HasFocus() bool {
	// Implemented here with locking because this may be used in the "changed"
	// callback.
	t.Lock()
	defer t.Unlock()
	return t.Box.HasFocus()
}

// Write lets us implement the io.Writer interface. Tab characters will be
// replaced with TabSize space characters. A "\n" or "\r\n" will be interpreted
// as a new line.
func (t *TextView) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
	t.Lock()
	defer t.Unlock()

	return t.write(p)
}

// write is the internal implementation of Write. It is used by TextViewWriter
// and anywhere that we need to perform a write without locking the buffer.
func (t *TextView) write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
	// Notify at the end.
	changed := t.changed
	if changed != nil {
		defer func() {
			// We always call the "changed" function in a separate goroutine to avoid
			// deadlocks.
			go changed()
		}()
	}

	// Copy data over.
	newBytes := append(t.recentBytes, p...)
	t.recentBytes = nil

	// If we have a trailing invalid UTF-8 byte, we'll wait.
	if r, _ := utf8.DecodeLastRune(p); r == utf8.RuneError {
		t.recentBytes = newBytes
		return len(p), nil
	}

	// If we have a trailing open dynamic color, exclude it.
	if t.dynamicColors {
		location := openColorRegex.FindIndex(newBytes)
		if location != nil {
			t.recentBytes = newBytes[location[0]:]
			newBytes = newBytes[:location[0]]
		}
	}

	// If we have a trailing open region, exclude it.
	if t.regions {
		location := openRegionRegex.FindIndex(newBytes)
		if location != nil {
			t.recentBytes = newBytes[location[0]:]
			newBytes = newBytes[:location[0]]
		}
	}

	// Transform the new bytes into strings.
	newBytes = bytes.Replace(newBytes, []byte{'\t'}, bytes.Repeat([]byte{' '}, TabSize), -1)
	for index, line := range newLineRegex.Split(string(newBytes), -1) {
		if index == 0 {
			if len(t.buffer) == 0 {
				t.buffer = []string{line}
			} else {
				t.buffer[len(t.buffer)-1] += line
			}
		} else {
			t.buffer = append(t.buffer, line)
		}
	}

	// Reset the index.
	t.index = nil

	return len(p), nil
}

// BatchWriter returns a new writer that can be used to write into the buffer
// but without Locking/Unlocking the buffer on every write, as TextView's
// Write() and Clear() functions do. The lock will be acquired once when
// BatchWriter is called, and will be released when the returned writer is
// closed. Example:
//
//	tv := tview.NewTextView()
//	w := tv.BatchWriter()
//	defer w.Close()
//	w.Clear()
//	fmt.Fprintln(w, "To sit in solemn silence")
//	fmt.Fprintln(w, "on a dull, dark, dock")
//	fmt.Println(tv.GetText(false))
//
// Note that using the batch writer requires you to manage any issues that may
// arise from concurrency yourself. See package description for details on
// dealing with concurrency.
func (t *TextView) BatchWriter() TextViewWriter {
	t.Lock()
	return TextViewWriter{
		t: t,
	}
}

// reindexBuffer re-indexes the buffer such that we can use it to easily draw
// the buffer onto the screen. Each line in the index will contain a pointer
// into the buffer from which on we will print text. It will also contain the
// colors, attributes, and region with which the line starts.
//
// If maxLines is greater than 0, any extra lines will be dropped from the
// buffer.
func (t *TextView) reindexBuffer(width int) {
	if t.index != nil {
		return // Nothing has changed. We can still use the current index.
	}
	t.index = nil
	t.fromHighlight, t.toHighlight, t.posHighlight = -1, -1, -1

	// If there's no space, there's no index.
	if width < 1 {
		return
	}

	// Initial states.
	regionID := ""
	var (
		highlighted                                  bool
		foregroundColor, backgroundColor, attributes string
	)

	// Go through each line in the buffer.
	for bufferIndex, str := range t.buffer {
		colorTagIndices, colorTags, regionIndices, regions, escapeIndices, strippedStr, _ := decomposeString(str, t.dynamicColors, t.regions)

		// Split the line if required.
		var splitLines []string
		str = strippedStr
		if t.wrap && len(str) > 0 {
			for len(str) > 0 {
				// Truncate str to width.
				var splitPos, clusterWidth, lineWidth int
				state := -1
				remaining := str
				for splitPos == 0 || len(remaining) > 0 { // We'll extract at least one grapheme cluster.
					var cluster string
					cluster, remaining, clusterWidth, state = uniseg.FirstGraphemeClusterInString(remaining, state)
					lineWidth += clusterWidth
					if splitPos > 0 && lineWidth > width {
						break
					}
					splitPos += len(cluster)
				}
				extract := str[:splitPos]

				if t.wordWrap && len(extract) < len(str) {
					// Add any spaces from the next line.
					if spaces := spacePattern.FindStringIndex(str[len(extract):]); spaces != nil && spaces[0] == 0 {
						extract = str[:len(extract)+spaces[1]]
					}

					// Can we split before the mandatory end?
					matches := boundaryPattern.FindAllStringIndex(extract, -1)
					if len(matches) > 0 {
						// Yes. Let's split there.
						extract = extract[:matches[len(matches)-1][1]]
					}
				}
				splitLines = append(splitLines, extract)
				str = str[len(extract):]
			}
		} else {
			// No need to split the line.
			splitLines = []string{str}
		}

		// Create index from split lines.
		var originalPos, colorPos, regionPos, escapePos int
		for _, splitLine := range splitLines {
			line := &textViewIndex{
				Line:            bufferIndex,
				Pos:             originalPos,
				ForegroundColor: foregroundColor,
				BackgroundColor: backgroundColor,
				Attributes:      attributes,
				Region:          regionID,
			}

			// Shift original position with tags.
			lineLength := len(splitLine)
			remainingLength := lineLength
			tagEnd := originalPos
			totalTagLength := 0
			for {
				// Which tag comes next?
				nextTag := make([][3]int, 0, 3)
				if colorPos < len(colorTagIndices) {
					nextTag = append(nextTag, [3]int{colorTagIndices[colorPos][0], colorTagIndices[colorPos][1], 0}) // 0 = color tag.
				}
				if regionPos < len(regionIndices) {
					nextTag = append(nextTag, [3]int{regionIndices[regionPos][0], regionIndices[regionPos][1], 1}) // 1 = region tag.
				}
				if escapePos < len(escapeIndices) {
					nextTag = append(nextTag, [3]int{escapeIndices[escapePos][0], escapeIndices[escapePos][1], 2}) // 2 = escape tag.
				}
				minPos := -1
				tagIndex := -1
				for index, pair := range nextTag {
					if minPos < 0 || pair[0] < minPos {
						minPos = pair[0]
						tagIndex = index
					}
				}

				// Is the next tag in range?
				if tagIndex < 0 || minPos > tagEnd+remainingLength {
					break // No. We're done with this line.
				}

				// Advance.
				strippedTagStart := nextTag[tagIndex][0] - originalPos - totalTagLength
				tagEnd = nextTag[tagIndex][1]
				tagLength := tagEnd - nextTag[tagIndex][0]
				if nextTag[tagIndex][2] == 2 {
					tagLength = 1
				}
				totalTagLength += tagLength
				remainingLength = lineLength - (tagEnd - originalPos - totalTagLength)

				// Process the tag.
				switch nextTag[tagIndex][2] {
				case 0:
					// Process color tags.
					foregroundColor, backgroundColor, attributes = styleFromTag(foregroundColor, backgroundColor, attributes, colorTags[colorPos])
					colorPos++
				case 1:
					// Process region tags.
					regionID = regions[regionPos][1]
					_, highlighted = t.highlights[regionID]

					// Update highlight range.
					if highlighted {
						line := len(t.index)
						if t.fromHighlight < 0 {
							t.fromHighlight, t.toHighlight = line, line
							t.posHighlight = uniseg.StringWidth(splitLine[:strippedTagStart])
						} else if line > t.toHighlight {
							t.toHighlight = line
						}
					}

					regionPos++
				case 2:
					// Process escape tags.
					escapePos++
				}
			}

			// Advance to next line.
			originalPos += lineLength + totalTagLength

			// Append this line.
			line.NextPos = originalPos
			line.Width = uniseg.StringWidth(splitLine)
			t.index = append(t.index, line)
		}

		// Word-wrapped lines may have trailing whitespace. Remove it.
		if t.wrap && t.wordWrap {
			for _, line := range t.index {
				str := t.buffer[line.Line][line.Pos:line.NextPos]
				spaces := spacePattern.FindAllStringIndex(str, -1)
				if spaces != nil && spaces[len(spaces)-1][1] == len(str) {
					oldNextPos := line.NextPos
					line.NextPos -= spaces[len(spaces)-1][1] - spaces[len(spaces)-1][0]
					line.Width -= uniseg.StringWidth(t.buffer[line.Line][line.NextPos:oldNextPos])
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// Drop lines beyond maxLines.
	if t.maxLines > 0 && len(t.index) > t.maxLines {
		removedLines := len(t.index) - t.maxLines

		// Adjust the index.
		t.index = t.index[removedLines:]
		if t.fromHighlight >= 0 {
			t.fromHighlight -= removedLines
			if t.fromHighlight < 0 {
				t.fromHighlight = 0
			}
		}
		if t.toHighlight >= 0 {
			t.toHighlight -= removedLines
			if t.toHighlight < 0 {
				t.fromHighlight, t.toHighlight, t.posHighlight = -1, -1, -1
			}
		}
		bufferShift := t.index[0].Line
		for _, line := range t.index {
			line.Line -= bufferShift
		}

		// Adjust the original buffer.
		t.buffer = t.buffer[bufferShift:]
		var prefix string
		if t.index[0].ForegroundColor != "" || t.index[0].BackgroundColor != "" || t.index[0].Attributes != "" {
			prefix = fmt.Sprintf("[%s:%s:%s]", t.index[0].ForegroundColor, t.index[0].BackgroundColor, t.index[0].Attributes)
		}
		if t.index[0].Region != "" {
			prefix += fmt.Sprintf(`["%s"]`, t.index[0].Region)
		}
		posShift := t.index[0].Pos
		t.buffer[0] = prefix + t.buffer[0][posShift:]
		t.lineOffset -= removedLines
		if t.lineOffset < 0 {
			t.lineOffset = 0
		}

		// Adjust positions of first buffer line.
		posShift -= len(prefix)
		for _, line := range t.index {
			if line.Line != 0 {
				break
			}
			line.Pos -= posShift
			line.NextPos -= posShift
		}
	}

	// Calculate longest line.
	t.longestLine = 0
	for _, line := range t.index {
		if line.Width > t.longestLine {
			t.longestLine = line.Width
		}
	}
}

// Draw draws this primitive onto the screen.
func (t *TextView) Draw(screen tcell.Screen) {
	t.Box.DrawForSubclass(screen, t)
	t.Lock()
	defer t.Unlock()

	// Get the available size.
	x, y, width, height := t.GetInnerRect()
	t.pageSize = height

	// Draw label.
	_, labelBg, _ := t.labelStyle.Decompose()
	if t.labelWidth > 0 {
		labelWidth := t.labelWidth
		if labelWidth > width {
			labelWidth = width
		}
		printWithStyle(screen, t.label, x, y, 0, labelWidth, AlignLeft, t.labelStyle, labelBg == tcell.ColorDefault)
		x += labelWidth
		width -= labelWidth
	} else {
		_, drawnWidth, _, _ := printWithStyle(screen, t.label, x, y, 0, width, AlignLeft, t.labelStyle, labelBg == tcell.ColorDefault)
		x += drawnWidth
		width -= drawnWidth
	}

	// What's the space for the text element?
	if t.width > 0 && t.width < width {
		width = t.width
	}
	if t.height > 0 && t.height < height {
		height = t.height
	}
	if width <= 0 {
		return // No space left for the text area.
	}

	// Draw the text element if necessary.
	_, bg, _ := t.textStyle.Decompose()
	if bg != t.backgroundColor {
		for row := 0; row < height; row++ {
			for column := 0; column < width; column++ {
				screen.SetContent(x+column, y+row, ' ', nil, t.textStyle)
			}
		}
	}

	// If the width has changed, we need to reindex.
	if width != t.lastWidth && t.wrap {
		t.index = nil
	}
	t.lastWidth = width

	// Re-index.
	t.reindexBuffer(width)
	if t.regions {
		t.regionInfos = nil
	}

	// If we don't have an index, there's nothing to draw.
	if t.index == nil {
		return
	}

	// Move to highlighted regions.
	if t.regions && t.scrollToHighlights && t.fromHighlight >= 0 {
		// Do we fit the entire height?
		if t.toHighlight-t.fromHighlight+1 < height {
			// Yes, let's center the highlights.
			t.lineOffset = (t.fromHighlight + t.toHighlight - height) / 2
		} else {
			// No, let's move to the start of the highlights.
			t.lineOffset = t.fromHighlight
		}

		// If the highlight is too far to the right, move it to the middle.
		if t.posHighlight-t.columnOffset > 3*width/4 {
			t.columnOffset = t.posHighlight - width/2
		}

		// If the highlight is off-screen on the left, move it on-screen.
		if t.posHighlight-t.columnOffset < 0 {
			t.columnOffset = t.posHighlight - width/4
		}
	}
	t.scrollToHighlights = false

	// Adjust line offset.
	if t.lineOffset+height > len(t.index) {
		t.trackEnd = true
	}
	if t.trackEnd {
		t.lineOffset = len(t.index) - height
	}
	if t.lineOffset < 0 {
		t.lineOffset = 0
	}

	// Adjust column offset.
	if t.align == AlignLeft {
		if t.columnOffset+width > t.longestLine {
			t.columnOffset = t.longestLine - width
		}
		if t.columnOffset < 0 {
			t.columnOffset = 0
		}
	} else if t.align == AlignRight {
		if t.columnOffset-width < -t.longestLine {
			t.columnOffset = width - t.longestLine
		}
		if t.columnOffset > 0 {
			t.columnOffset = 0
		}
	} else { // AlignCenter.
		half := (t.longestLine - width) / 2
		if half > 0 {
			if t.columnOffset > half {
				t.columnOffset = half
			}
			if t.columnOffset < -half {
				t.columnOffset = -half
			}
		} else {
			t.columnOffset = 0
		}
	}

	// Draw the buffer.
	for line := t.lineOffset; line < len(t.index); line++ {
		// Are we done?
		if line-t.lineOffset >= height {
			break
		}

		// Get the text for this line.
		index := t.index[line]
		text := t.buffer[index.Line][index.Pos:index.NextPos]
		foregroundColor := index.ForegroundColor
		backgroundColor := index.BackgroundColor
		attributes := index.Attributes
		regionID := index.Region
		if t.regions {
			if len(t.regionInfos) > 0 && t.regionInfos[len(t.regionInfos)-1].ID != regionID {
				// End last region.
				t.regionInfos[len(t.regionInfos)-1].ToX = x
				t.regionInfos[len(t.regionInfos)-1].ToY = y + line - t.lineOffset
			}
			if regionID != "" && (len(t.regionInfos) == 0 || t.regionInfos[len(t.regionInfos)-1].ID != regionID) {
				// Start a new region.
				t.regionInfos = append(t.regionInfos, &textViewRegion{
					ID:    regionID,
					FromX: x,
					FromY: y + line - t.lineOffset,
					ToX:   -1,
					ToY:   -1,
				})
			}
		}

		// Process tags.
		colorTagIndices, colorTags, regionIndices, regions, escapeIndices, strippedText, _ := decomposeString(text, t.dynamicColors, t.regions)

		// Calculate the position of the line.
		var skip, posX int
		if t.align == AlignLeft {
			posX = -t.columnOffset
		} else if t.align == AlignRight {
			posX = width - index.Width - t.columnOffset
		} else { // AlignCenter.
			posX = (width-index.Width)/2 - t.columnOffset
		}
		if posX < 0 {
			skip = -posX
			posX = 0
		}

		// Print the line.
		if y+line-t.lineOffset >= 0 {
			var colorPos, regionPos, escapePos, tagOffset, skipped int
			iterateString(strippedText, func(main rune, comb []rune, textPos, textWidth, screenPos, screenWidth, boundaries int) bool {
				// Process tags.
				for {
					if colorPos < len(colorTags) && textPos+tagOffset >= colorTagIndices[colorPos][0] && textPos+tagOffset < colorTagIndices[colorPos][1] {
						// Get the color.
						foregroundColor, backgroundColor, attributes = styleFromTag(foregroundColor, backgroundColor, attributes, colorTags[colorPos])
						tagOffset += colorTagIndices[colorPos][1] - colorTagIndices[colorPos][0]
						colorPos++
					} else if regionPos < len(regionIndices) && textPos+tagOffset >= regionIndices[regionPos][0] && textPos+tagOffset < regionIndices[regionPos][1] {
						// Get the region.
						if regionID != "" && len(t.regionInfos) > 0 && t.regionInfos[len(t.regionInfos)-1].ID == regionID {
							// End last region.
							t.regionInfos[len(t.regionInfos)-1].ToX = x + posX
							t.regionInfos[len(t.regionInfos)-1].ToY = y + line - t.lineOffset
						}
						regionID = regions[regionPos][1]
						if regionID != "" {
							// Start new region.
							t.regionInfos = append(t.regionInfos, &textViewRegion{
								ID:    regionID,
								FromX: x + posX,
								FromY: y + line - t.lineOffset,
								ToX:   -1,
								ToY:   -1,
							})
						}
						tagOffset += regionIndices[regionPos][1] - regionIndices[regionPos][0]
						regionPos++
					} else {
						break
					}
				}

				// Skip the second-to-last character of an escape tag.
				if escapePos < len(escapeIndices) && textPos+tagOffset == escapeIndices[escapePos][1]-2 {
					tagOffset++
					escapePos++
				}

				// Mix the existing style with the new style.
				style := overlayStyle(t.textStyle, foregroundColor, backgroundColor, attributes)

				// Do we highlight this character?
				var highlighted bool
				if regionID != "" {
					if _, ok := t.highlights[regionID]; ok {
						highlighted = true
					}
				}
				if highlighted {
					fg, bg, _ := style.Decompose()
					if bg == t.backgroundColor {
						r, g, b := fg.RGB()
						c := colorful.Color{R: float64(r) / 255, G: float64(g) / 255, B: float64(b) / 255}
						_, _, li := c.Hcl()
						if li < .5 {
							bg = tcell.ColorWhite
						} else {
							bg = tcell.ColorBlack
						}
					}
					style = style.Background(fg).Foreground(bg)
				}

				// Skip to the right.
				if !t.wrap && skipped < skip {
					skipped += screenWidth
					return false
				}

				// Stop at the right border.
				if posX+screenWidth > width {
					return true
				}

				// Draw the character.
				for offset := screenWidth - 1; offset >= 0; offset-- {
					if offset == 0 {
						screen.SetContent(x+posX+offset, y+line-t.lineOffset, main, comb, style)
					} else {
						screen.SetContent(x+posX+offset, y+line-t.lineOffset, ' ', nil, style)
					}
				}

				// Advance.
				posX += screenWidth
				return false
			})
		}
	}

	// If this view is not scrollable, we'll purge the buffer of lines that have
	// scrolled out of view.
	if !t.scrollable && t.lineOffset > 0 {
		if t.lineOffset >= len(t.index) {
			t.buffer = nil
		} else {
			t.buffer = t.buffer[t.index[t.lineOffset].Line:]
		}
		t.index = nil
		t.lineOffset = 0
	}
}

// InputHandler returns the handler for this primitive.
func (t *TextView) InputHandler() func(event *tcell.EventKey, setFocus func(p Primitive)) {
	return t.WrapInputHandler(func(event *tcell.EventKey, setFocus func(p Primitive)) {
		key := event.Key()

		if key == tcell.KeyEscape || key == tcell.KeyEnter || key == tcell.KeyTab || key == tcell.KeyBacktab {
			if t.done != nil {
				t.done(key)
			}
			if t.finished != nil {
				t.finished(key)
			}
			return
		}

		if !t.scrollable {
			return
		}

		switch key {
		case tcell.KeyRune:
			switch event.Rune() {
			case 'g': // Home.
				t.trackEnd = false
				t.lineOffset = 0
				t.columnOffset = 0
			case 'G': // End.
				t.trackEnd = true
				t.columnOffset = 0
			case 'j': // Down.
				t.lineOffset++
			case 'k': // Up.
				t.trackEnd = false
				t.lineOffset--
			case 'h': // Left.
				t.columnOffset--
			case 'l': // Right.
				t.columnOffset++
			}
		case tcell.KeyHome:
			t.trackEnd = false
			t.lineOffset = 0
			t.columnOffset = 0
		case tcell.KeyEnd:
			t.trackEnd = true
			t.columnOffset = 0
		case tcell.KeyUp:
			t.trackEnd = false
			t.lineOffset--
		case tcell.KeyDown:
			t.lineOffset++
		case tcell.KeyLeft:
			t.columnOffset--
		case tcell.KeyRight:
			t.columnOffset++
		case tcell.KeyPgDn, tcell.KeyCtrlF:
			t.lineOffset += t.pageSize
		case tcell.KeyPgUp, tcell.KeyCtrlB:
			t.trackEnd = false
			t.lineOffset -= t.pageSize
		}
	})
}

// MouseHandler returns the mouse handler for this primitive.
func (t *TextView) MouseHandler() func(action MouseAction, event *tcell.EventMouse, setFocus func(p Primitive)) (consumed bool, capture Primitive) {
	return t.WrapMouseHandler(func(action MouseAction, event *tcell.EventMouse, setFocus func(p Primitive)) (consumed bool, capture Primitive) {
		x, y := event.Position()
		if !t.InRect(x, y) {
			return false, nil
		}

		switch action {
		case MouseLeftDown:
			setFocus(t)
			consumed = true
		case MouseLeftClick:
			if t.regions {
				// Find a region to highlight.
				for _, region := range t.regionInfos {
					if y == region.FromY && x < region.FromX ||
						y == region.ToY && x >= region.ToX ||
						region.FromY >= 0 && y < region.FromY ||
						region.ToY >= 0 && y > region.ToY {
						continue
					}
					t.Highlight(region.ID)
					break
				}
			}
			consumed = true
		case MouseScrollUp:
			t.trackEnd = false
			t.lineOffset--
			consumed = true
		case MouseScrollDown:
			t.lineOffset++
			consumed = true
		}

		return
	})
}