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incubator-nuttx/drivers/mtd/ftl.c

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/****************************************************************************
* drivers/mtd/ftl.c
*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The
* ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the
* License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*
****************************************************************************/
/****************************************************************************
* Included Files
****************************************************************************/
#include <nuttx/config.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <debug.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <nuttx/kmalloc.h>
#include <nuttx/fs/fs.h>
#include <nuttx/fs/ioctl.h>
#include <nuttx/mtd/mtd.h>
#include <nuttx/drivers/rwbuffer.h>
/****************************************************************************
* Pre-processor Definitions
****************************************************************************/
/* Check if read/write buffer support is needed */
#if defined(CONFIG_FTL_READAHEAD) || defined(CONFIG_FTL_WRITEBUFFER)
# define FTL_HAVE_RWBUFFER 1
#endif
/* The maximum length of the device name paths is the maximum length of a
* name plus 5 for the the length of "/dev/" and a NUL terminator.
*/
#define DEV_NAME_MAX (NAME_MAX + 5)
/****************************************************************************
* Private Types
****************************************************************************/
struct ftl_struct_s
{
FAR struct mtd_dev_s *mtd; /* Contained MTD interface */
struct mtd_geometry_s geo; /* Device geometry */
#ifdef FTL_HAVE_RWBUFFER
struct rwbuffer_s rwb; /* Read-ahead/write buffer support */
#endif
uint16_t blkper; /* R/W blocks per erase block */
uint16_t refs; /* Number of references */
bool unlinked; /* The driver has been unlinked */
FAR uint8_t *eblock; /* One, in-memory erase block */
/* The nand block map between logic block and physical block */
FAR off_t *lptable;
off_t lpcount;
};
/****************************************************************************
* Private Function Prototypes
****************************************************************************/
static int ftl_open(FAR struct inode *inode);
static int ftl_close(FAR struct inode *inode);
static ssize_t ftl_reload(FAR void *priv, FAR uint8_t *buffer,
off_t startblock, size_t nblocks);
static ssize_t ftl_read(FAR struct inode *inode, FAR unsigned char *buffer,
blkcnt_t start_sector, unsigned int nsectors);
static ssize_t ftl_flush(FAR void *priv, FAR const uint8_t *buffer,
off_t startblock, size_t nblocks);
static ssize_t ftl_write(FAR struct inode *inode,
FAR const unsigned char *buffer, blkcnt_t start_sector,
unsigned int nsectors);
static int ftl_geometry(FAR struct inode *inode,
FAR struct geometry *geometry);
static int ftl_ioctl(FAR struct inode *inode, int cmd,
unsigned long arg);
#ifndef CONFIG_DISABLE_PSEUDOFS_OPERATIONS
static int ftl_unlink(FAR struct inode *inode);
#endif
/****************************************************************************
* Private Data
****************************************************************************/
static const struct block_operations g_bops =
{
ftl_open, /* open */
ftl_close, /* close */
ftl_read, /* read */
ftl_write, /* write */
ftl_geometry, /* geometry */
ftl_ioctl /* ioctl */
#ifndef CONFIG_DISABLE_PSEUDOFS_OPERATIONS
, ftl_unlink /* unlink */
#endif
};
/****************************************************************************
* Private Functions
****************************************************************************/
/****************************************************************************
* Name: ftl_init_map
*
* Description: Allocate logical block and physical block mapping table
* space, and scan the entire nand flash device to establish
* the mapping relationship between logical block and physical
* good block.
*
****************************************************************************/
static int ftl_init_map(FAR struct ftl_struct_s *dev)
{
int j = 0;
int i;
if (dev->lptable == NULL)
{
dev->lptable = kmm_malloc(dev->geo.neraseblocks * sizeof(off_t));
if (dev->lptable == NULL)
{
return -ENOMEM;
}
}
for (i = 0; i < dev->geo.neraseblocks; i++)
{
if (!MTD_ISBAD(dev->mtd, i))
{
dev->lptable[j++] = i;
}
}
dev->lpcount = j;
return 0;
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: ftl_update_map
*
* Description: Update the lptable from the specified location, remap the
* relationship between logical blocks and physical good blocks.
*
****************************************************************************/
static void ftl_update_map(FAR struct ftl_struct_s *dev, off_t start)
{
DEBUGASSERT(start < dev->lpcount);
memmove(&dev->lptable[start], &dev->lptable[start + 1],
(--dev->lpcount - start) * sizeof(dev->lptable[0]));
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: ftl_get_cblock
*
* Description: Get the number of consecutive eraseblocks from lptable.
*
****************************************************************************/
static size_t ftl_get_cblock(FAR struct ftl_struct_s *dev, off_t start,
size_t count)
{
off_t i;
count = MIN(count, dev->lpcount - start);
for (i = start; i < start + count - 1; i++)
{
if (dev->lptable[i + 1] - dev->lptable[i] != 1)
{
return i - start + 1;
}
}
return count;
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: ftl_open
*
* Description: Open the block device
*
****************************************************************************/
static int ftl_open(FAR struct inode *inode)
{
FAR struct ftl_struct_s *dev;
DEBUGASSERT(inode->i_private);
dev = inode->i_private;
dev->refs++;
return OK;
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: ftl_close
*
* Description: close the block device
*
****************************************************************************/
static int ftl_close(FAR struct inode *inode)
{
FAR struct ftl_struct_s *dev;
DEBUGASSERT(inode->i_private);
dev = inode->i_private;
#ifdef CONFIG_FTL_WRITEBUFFER
rwb_flush(&dev->rwb);
#endif
if (--dev->refs == 0 && dev->unlinked)
{
#ifdef FTL_HAVE_RWBUFFER
rwb_uninitialize(&dev->rwb);
#endif
if (dev->eblock)
{
kmm_free(dev->eblock);
}
kmm_free(dev);
}
return OK;
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: ftl_mtd_bread
*
* Description:
* Read the specified number of sectors. If mtd device is nor flash, it
* can be read once time. If mtd device is nand flash, it can be read one
* block every time and need to skip bad block until the specified number
* of sectors finish.
*
****************************************************************************/
static ssize_t ftl_mtd_bread(FAR struct ftl_struct_s *dev, off_t startblock,
size_t nblocks, FAR uint8_t *buffer)
{
off_t mask = dev->blkper - 1;
size_t nread = nblocks;
ssize_t ret = OK;
if (dev->lptable == NULL)
{
ret = MTD_BREAD(dev->mtd, startblock, nblocks, buffer);
if (ret != nblocks)
{
ferr("ERROR: Read %zu blocks starting at block %" PRIdOFF
" failed: %zd\n", nblocks, startblock, ret);
}
return ret;
}
while (nblocks > 0)
{
off_t startphysicalblock;
off_t starteraseblock;
size_t count;
starteraseblock = startblock / dev->blkper;
if (starteraseblock >= dev->lpcount)
{
ret = -ENOSPC;
break;
}
count = ftl_get_cblock(dev, starteraseblock,
(nblocks + mask) / dev->blkper);
count = MIN(count * dev->blkper, nblocks);
startphysicalblock = dev->lptable[starteraseblock] *
dev->blkper + (startblock & mask);
ret = MTD_BREAD(dev->mtd, startphysicalblock, count, buffer);
if (ret == count || ret == -EUCLEAN)
{
nblocks -= count;
startblock += count;
buffer += count * dev->geo.blocksize;
}
else
{
ftl_update_map(dev, starteraseblock);
break;
}
}
return nblocks != nread ? nread - nblocks : ret;
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: ftl_mtd_bwrite
*
* Description:
* Write the specified eraseblocks. If mtd device is nor flash, it
* can be written once time. If mtd device is nand flash, it can be write
* one block every time and need to skip bad block until writing success.
*
****************************************************************************/
static ssize_t ftl_mtd_bwrite(FAR struct ftl_struct_s *dev, off_t startblock,
FAR const uint8_t *buffer)
{
off_t starteraseblock;
ssize_t ret;
if (dev->lptable == NULL)
{
ret = MTD_BWRITE(dev->mtd, startblock, dev->blkper, buffer);
if (ret != dev->blkper)
{
ferr("ERROR: Write block %" PRIdOFF " failed: %zd\n",
startblock, ret);
}
return ret;
}
starteraseblock = startblock / dev->blkper;
while (1)
{
if (starteraseblock >= dev->lpcount)
{
return -ENOSPC;
}
ret = MTD_BWRITE(dev->mtd, dev->lptable[starteraseblock] * dev->blkper,
dev->blkper, buffer);
if (ret == dev->blkper)
{
return ret;
}
MTD_MARKBAD(dev->mtd, dev->lptable[starteraseblock]);
ftl_update_map(dev, starteraseblock);
}
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: ftl_mtd_erase
*
* Description:
* Erase the specified number of sectors. If mtd device is nor flash, it
* can be erased once time. If mtd device is nand flash, it can be erased
* one block every time and need to skip bad block until the specified
* number of sectors finish.
*
****************************************************************************/
static ssize_t ftl_mtd_erase(FAR struct ftl_struct_s *dev, off_t startblock)
{
ssize_t ret;
if (dev->lptable == NULL)
{
ret = MTD_ERASE(dev->mtd, startblock, 1);
if (ret < 0)
{
ferr("ERROR: Erase block %" PRIdOFF " failed: %zd\n",
startblock, ret);
}
return ret;
}
while (1)
{
if (startblock >= dev->lpcount)
{
return -ENOSPC;
}
ret = MTD_ERASE(dev->mtd, dev->lptable[startblock], 1);
if (ret == 1)
{
return ret;
}
MTD_MARKBAD(dev->mtd, dev->lptable[startblock]);
ftl_update_map(dev, startblock);
}
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: ftl_reload
*
* Description: Read the specified number of sectors
*
****************************************************************************/
static ssize_t ftl_reload(FAR void *priv, FAR uint8_t *buffer,
off_t startblock, size_t nblocks)
{
struct ftl_struct_s *dev = (struct ftl_struct_s *)priv;
/* Read the full erase block into the buffer */
return ftl_mtd_bread(dev, startblock, nblocks, buffer);
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: ftl_read
*
* Description: Read the specified number of sectors
*
****************************************************************************/
static ssize_t ftl_read(FAR struct inode *inode, unsigned char *buffer,
blkcnt_t start_sector, unsigned int nsectors)
{
FAR struct ftl_struct_s *dev;
finfo("sector: %" PRIuOFF " nsectors: %u\n", start_sector, nsectors);
DEBUGASSERT(inode->i_private);
dev = inode->i_private;
#ifdef FTL_HAVE_RWBUFFER
return rwb_read(&dev->rwb, start_sector, nsectors, buffer);
#else
return ftl_reload(dev, buffer, start_sector, nsectors);
#endif
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: ftl_flush
*
* Description: Write the specified number of sectors
*
****************************************************************************/
static int ftl_alloc_eblock(FAR struct ftl_struct_s *dev)
{
if (dev->eblock == NULL)
{
/* Allocate one, in-memory erase block buffer */
dev->eblock = kmm_malloc(dev->geo.erasesize);
}
return dev->eblock != NULL ? OK : -ENOMEM;
}
static ssize_t ftl_flush(FAR void *priv, FAR const uint8_t *buffer,
off_t startblock, size_t nblocks)
{
struct ftl_struct_s *dev = (struct ftl_struct_s *)priv;
off_t alignedblock;
off_t mask;
off_t rwblock;
off_t eraseblock;
off_t offset;
size_t remaining;
size_t nxfrd;
int nbytes;
int ret;
/* Get the aligned block. Here is is assumed: (1) The number of R/W blocks
* per erase block is a power of 2, and (2) the erase begins with that same
* alignment.
*/
mask = dev->blkper - 1;
alignedblock = (startblock + mask) & ~mask;
/* Handle partial erase blocks before the first unaligned block */
remaining = nblocks;
if (alignedblock > startblock)
{
/* Check if the write is shorter than to the end of the erase block */
bool short_write = (remaining < (alignedblock - startblock));
ret = ftl_alloc_eblock(dev);
if (ret < 0)
{
ferr("ERROR: Failed to allocate an erase block buffer\n");
return ret;
}
/* Read the full erase block into the buffer */
rwblock = startblock & ~mask;
nxfrd = ftl_mtd_bread(dev, rwblock, dev->blkper, dev->eblock);
if (nxfrd != dev->blkper)
{
return -EIO;
}
/* Then erase the erase block */
eraseblock = rwblock / dev->blkper;
ret = ftl_mtd_erase(dev, eraseblock);
if (ret < 0)
{
return ret;
}
/* Copy the user data at the end of the buffered erase block */
offset = (startblock & mask) * dev->geo.blocksize;
if (short_write)
{
nbytes = remaining * dev->geo.blocksize;
}
else
{
nbytes = dev->geo.erasesize - offset;
}
finfo("Copy %d bytes into erase block=%" PRIdOFF
" at offset=%" PRIdOFF "\n", nbytes, eraseblock, offset);
memcpy(dev->eblock + offset, buffer, nbytes);
/* And write the erase block back to flash */
nxfrd = ftl_mtd_bwrite(dev, rwblock, dev->eblock);
if (nxfrd != dev->blkper)
{
return -EIO;
}
/* Then update for amount written */
if (short_write)
{
remaining = 0;
}
else
{
remaining -= dev->blkper - (startblock & mask);
}
buffer += nbytes;
}
/* How handle full erase pages in the middle */
while (remaining >= dev->blkper)
{
/* Erase the erase block */
eraseblock = alignedblock / dev->blkper;
ret = ftl_mtd_erase(dev, eraseblock);
if (ret < 0)
{
return ret;
}
/* Write a full erase back to flash */
finfo("Write %" PRId32 " bytes into erase block=%" PRIdOFF
" at offset=0\n", dev->geo.erasesize, alignedblock);
nxfrd = ftl_mtd_bwrite(dev, alignedblock, buffer);
if (nxfrd != dev->blkper)
{
return -EIO;
}
/* Then update for amount written */
alignedblock += dev->blkper;
remaining -= dev->blkper;
buffer += dev->geo.erasesize;
}
/* Finally, handle any partial blocks after the last full erase block */
if (remaining > 0)
{
ret = ftl_alloc_eblock(dev);
if (ret < 0)
{
ferr("ERROR: Failed to allocate an erase block buffer\n");
return ret;
}
/* Read the full erase block into the buffer */
nxfrd = ftl_mtd_bread(dev, alignedblock, dev->blkper, dev->eblock);
if (nxfrd != dev->blkper)
{
return -EIO;
}
/* Then erase the erase block */
eraseblock = alignedblock / dev->blkper;
ret = ftl_mtd_erase(dev, eraseblock);
if (ret < 0)
{
return ret;
}
/* Copy the user data at the beginning the buffered erase block */
nbytes = remaining * dev->geo.blocksize;
finfo("Copy %d bytes into erase block=%" PRIdOFF " at offset=0\n",
nbytes, alignedblock);
memcpy(dev->eblock, buffer, nbytes);
/* And write the erase back to flash */
nxfrd = ftl_mtd_bwrite(dev, alignedblock, dev->eblock);
if (nxfrd != dev->blkper)
{
return -EIO;
}
}
return nblocks;
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: ftl_write
*
* Description: Write (or buffer) the specified number of sectors
*
****************************************************************************/
static ssize_t ftl_write(FAR struct inode *inode,
FAR const unsigned char *buffer,
blkcnt_t start_sector, unsigned int nsectors)
{
struct ftl_struct_s *dev;
finfo("sector: %" PRIuOFF " nsectors: %u\n", start_sector, nsectors);
DEBUGASSERT(inode->i_private);
dev = inode->i_private;
#ifdef FTL_HAVE_RWBUFFER
return rwb_write(&dev->rwb, start_sector, nsectors, buffer);
#else
return ftl_flush(dev, buffer, start_sector, nsectors);
#endif
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: ftl_geometry
*
* Description: Return device geometry
*
****************************************************************************/
static int ftl_geometry(FAR struct inode *inode,
FAR struct geometry *geometry)
{
FAR struct ftl_struct_s *dev;
finfo("Entry\n");
if (geometry)
{
dev = inode->i_private;
geometry->geo_available = true;
geometry->geo_mediachanged = false;
geometry->geo_writeenabled = true;
geometry->geo_nsectors = dev->geo.neraseblocks * dev->blkper;
geometry->geo_sectorsize = dev->geo.blocksize;
strlcpy(geometry->geo_model, dev->geo.model,
sizeof(geometry->geo_model));
finfo("available: true mediachanged: false writeenabled: %s\n",
geometry->geo_writeenabled ? "true" : "false");
finfo("nsectors: %" PRIuOFF " sectorsize: %u\n",
geometry->geo_nsectors, geometry->geo_sectorsize);
return OK;
}
return -EINVAL;
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: ftl_ioctl
*
* Description: Return device geometry
*
****************************************************************************/
static int ftl_ioctl(FAR struct inode *inode, int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
FAR struct ftl_struct_s *dev;
int ret;
finfo("Entry\n");
DEBUGASSERT(inode->i_private);
dev = inode->i_private;
if (cmd == BIOC_FLUSH)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_FTL_WRITEBUFFER
rwb_flush(&dev->rwb);
#endif
}
/* No other block driver ioctl commands are not recognized by this
* driver. Other possible MTD driver ioctl commands are passed through
* to the MTD driver (unchanged).
*/
ret = MTD_IOCTL(dev->mtd, cmd, arg);
if (ret < 0 && ret != -ENOTTY)
{
ferr("ERROR: MTD ioctl(%04x) failed: %d\n", cmd, ret);
}
return ret;
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: ftl_unlink
*
* Description: Unlink the device
*
****************************************************************************/
#ifndef CONFIG_DISABLE_PSEUDOFS_OPERATIONS
static int ftl_unlink(FAR struct inode *inode)
{
FAR struct ftl_struct_s *dev;
DEBUGASSERT(inode->i_private);
dev = inode->i_private;
dev->unlinked = true;
if (dev->refs == 0)
{
#ifdef FTL_HAVE_RWBUFFER
rwb_uninitialize(&dev->rwb);
#endif
if (dev->eblock)
{
kmm_free(dev->eblock);
}
kmm_free(dev);
}
return OK;
}
#endif
/****************************************************************************
* Public Functions
****************************************************************************/
/****************************************************************************
* Name: ftl_initialize_by_path
*
* Description:
* Initialize to provide a block driver wrapper around an MTD interface
*
* Input Parameters:
* path - The block device path.
* mtd - The MTD device that supports the FLASH interface.
*
****************************************************************************/
int ftl_initialize_by_path(FAR const char *path, FAR struct mtd_dev_s *mtd)
{
struct ftl_struct_s *dev;
int ret = -ENOMEM;
/* Sanity check */
if (path == NULL || mtd == NULL)
{
return -EINVAL;
}
finfo("path=\"%s\"\n", path);
/* Allocate a FTL device structure */
dev = kmm_zalloc(sizeof(struct ftl_struct_s));
if (dev)
{
/* Initialize the FTL device structure */
dev->mtd = mtd;
/* Get the device geometry. (casting to uintptr_t first eliminates
* complaints on some architectures where the sizeof long is different
* from the size of a pointer).
*/
ret = MTD_IOCTL(mtd, MTDIOC_GEOMETRY,
(unsigned long)((uintptr_t)&dev->geo));
if (ret < 0)
{
ferr("ERROR: MTD ioctl(MTDIOC_GEOMETRY) failed: %d\n", ret);
kmm_free(dev);
return ret;
}
/* Get the number of R/W blocks per erase block */
dev->blkper = dev->geo.erasesize / dev->geo.blocksize;
DEBUGASSERT(dev->blkper * dev->geo.blocksize == dev->geo.erasesize);
/* Configure read-ahead/write buffering */
#ifdef FTL_HAVE_RWBUFFER
dev->rwb.blocksize = dev->geo.blocksize;
dev->rwb.nblocks = dev->geo.neraseblocks * dev->blkper;
dev->rwb.dev = (FAR void *)dev;
dev->rwb.wrflush = ftl_flush;
dev->rwb.rhreload = ftl_reload;
#if defined(CONFIG_FTL_WRITEBUFFER)
dev->rwb.wrmaxblocks = dev->blkper;
dev->rwb.wralignblocks = dev->blkper;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_FTL_READAHEAD
dev->rwb.rhmaxblocks = dev->blkper;
#endif
ret = rwb_initialize(&dev->rwb);
if (ret < 0)
{
ferr("ERROR: rwb_initialize failed: %d\n", ret);
kmm_free(dev);
return ret;
}
#endif
if (MTD_ISBAD(dev->mtd, 0) != -ENOSYS)
{
ret = ftl_init_map(dev);
if (ret < 0)
{
goto out;
}
}
/* Inode private data is a reference to the FTL device structure */
ret = register_blockdriver(path, &g_bops, 0, dev);
if (ret < 0)
{
ferr("ERROR: register_blockdriver failed: %d\n", -ret);
kmm_free(dev->lptable);
out:
#ifdef FTL_HAVE_RWBUFFER
rwb_uninitialize(&dev->rwb);
#endif
kmm_free(dev);
}
}
return ret;
}
/****************************************************************************
* Name: ftl_initialize
*
* Description:
* Initialize to provide a block driver wrapper around an MTD interface
*
* Input Parameters:
* minor - The minor device number. The MTD block device will be
* registered as as /dev/mtdblockN where N is the minor number.
* mtd - The MTD device that supports the FLASH interface.
*
****************************************************************************/
int ftl_initialize(int minor, FAR struct mtd_dev_s *mtd)
{
char path[DEV_NAME_MAX];
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FEATURES
/* Sanity check */
if (minor < 0 || minor > 255)
{
return -EINVAL;
}
#endif
/* Do the real work by ftl_initialize_by_path */
snprintf(path, DEV_NAME_MAX, "/dev/mtdblock%d", minor);
return ftl_initialize_by_path(path, mtd);
}
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