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incubator-nuttx/graphics/README.txt

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README
^^^^^^
This directory contains tiny graphics support for NuttX. The contents of this directory
are only build if CONFIG_NX is defined in the NuttX configuration file.
Contents
^^^^^^^^
Roadmap
Related Header Files
Directories
Installing New Fonts
Configuration Settings
Roadmap
^^^^^^^
This directory holds NuttX graphic packages. Not all of these packages are implemented
at the present, but here is the longer term roadmap:
NxWidgets - NxWidgets is a higher level, C++, object-oriented library for object-
oriented access to graphics "widgets." NxWidgets is provided as a separate
package. NxWidgets is built on top of the core NuttX graphics subsystem,
but is not a part of the core graphics subystems.
NXTOOLKIT - A set of C graphics tools that provide higher-level window drawing
operations. The toolkit can be used for window-oriented graphics
without NxWidgets and is built on top of NX.
NXFONTS - A set of C graphics tools for present (bitmap) font images.
NX - The tiny NuttX windowing system. This includes both a small-footprint,
single user implementaton (NXSU as described below) and a somewhat
larger multi-user implentation (NXMU as described below). Both
conform to the same APIs as defined in include/nuttx/nx/nx.h and, hence,
are more-or-less interchangable. NX can be used without NxWidgets
and without NXTOOLKIT for raw access to window memory.
NXGLIB - Low level graphics utilities and direct framebuffer rendering logic.
NX is built on top of NXGLIB.
NxTerm - NxTerm is a write-only character device that is built on top of
an NX window. This character device can be used to provide stdout
and stderr and, hence, can provide the output side of NuttX console.
NxTerm is only available when the multi-user NX implementation is
selected (CONFIG_NX_MULTIUSERs).
Related Header Files
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
include/nuttx/nx/nxglib.h -- Describes the NXGLIB C interfaces
include/nuttx/nx/nx.h -- Describes the NX C interfaces
include/nuttx/nx/nxtk.h -- Describe the NXTOOLKIT C interfaces
include/nuttx/nx/nxfont.h -- Describe sthe NXFONT C interfaces
Directories
^^^^^^^^^^^
The graphics capability consist both of components internal to the RTOS
and of user-callable interfaces. In the NuttX kernel mode build there are
some components of the graphics subsystem are callable in user mode and other
components that are internal to the RTOS. This directory, nuttx/graphics,
contains only those components that are internal to the RTOS.
User callable functions must, instead, be part of a library that can be
linked against user applications. This user callable interfaces are
provided in sub-directories under nuttx/libnx.
libnx/nx
Common callable interfaces that are, logically, part of both nxmu and nxsu.
graphics/nxglib
libnx/nxglib
The NuttX tiny graphics library. The directory contains generic utilities
support operations on primitive graphics objects and logic to rasterize directly
into a framebuffer. It has no concept of windows (other than the one, framebuffer
window).
graphics/nxbe
This is the "back-end" of a tiny windowing system. It can be used with either of
two front-ends to complete a windowing system (see nxmu and nxsu below). It
contains most of the important window management logic: clipping, window controls,
window drawing, etc.
graphics/nxsu
This is the NX single user "front end". When combined with the generic "back-end"
(nxbe), it implements a single thread, single user windowing system. The files
in this directory present the window APIs described in include/nuttx/nx/nx.h. The
single user front-end is selected when CONFIG_NX_MULTIUSER is not defined in the
NuttX configuration file.
NOTE: There is no nxsu sub-directory in nuttx/libnx. That is because this
separation of interfaces is only required in the kernel build mode and
only the multi-user interfaces can be used with the kernel build.
graphics/nxmu
libnx/nxmu
This is the NX multi user "front end". When combined with the generic "back-end"
(nxbe), it implements a multi-threaded, multi-user windowing system. The files
in this directory present the window APIs described in include/nuttx/nx/nx.h. The
multi-user front end includes a graphics server that executes on its own thread;
multiple graphics clients then communicate with the server via a POSIX message
queue to serialize window operations from many threads. The multi-user front-end
is selected when CONFIG_NX_MULTIUSER is defined in the NuttX configuration file.
libnx/nxfonts
This is where the NXFONTS implementation resides. This is a relatively low-
level set of charset set/glyph management APIs. See include/nuttx/nx/nxfonts.h
libnx/nxtk
This is where the NXTOOLKIT implementation resides. This toolkit is built on
top of NX and works with either the single-user or multi-user NX version. See
include/nuttx/nx/nxtk.h
nuttx/../NxWidgets
The NxWidgets code is provided as a separate package located outside of the
NuttX source tree (probably at this location).
Installing New Fonts
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
There is a tool called bdf-converter in the directory tools/. The bdf-converter
program be used to convert fonts in Bitmap Distribution Format (BDF)
into fonts that can be used in the NX graphics system.
Below are general instructions for creating and installing a new font
in the NX graphic system:
1. Locate a font in BDF format,
2. Use the bdf-converter program to convert the BDF font to the NuttX
font format. This will result in a C header file containing
defintions. That header file should be installed at, for example,
graphics/nxfonts/nxfonts_myfont.h.
Create a new NuttX configuration variable. For example, suppose
you define the following variable: CONFIG_NXFONT_MYFONT. Then
you would need to:
3. Define CONFIG_NXFONT_MYFONT=y in your NuttX configuration file.
A font ID number has to be assigned for each new font. The font ID
is defined in the file include/nuttx/nx/nxfonts.h. Those definitions
have to be extended to support your new font. Look at how the font ID
enabled by CONFIG_NXFONT_SANS23X27 is defined and add an ID for your
new font in a similar fashion:
4. include/nuttx/nx/nxfonts.h. Add you new font as a possible system
default font:
#if defined(CONFIG_NXFONT_SANS23X27)
# define NXFONT_DEFAULT FONTID_SANS23X27
#elif defined(CONFIG_NXFONT_MYFONT)
# define NXFONT_DEFAULT FONTID_MYFONT
#endif
Then define the actual font ID. Make sure that the font ID value
is unique:
enum nx_fontid_e
{
FONTID_DEFAULT = 0 /* The default font */
#ifdef CONFIG_NXFONT_SANS23X27
, FONTID_SANS23X27 = 1 /* The 23x27 sans serif font */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_NXFONT_MYFONT
, FONTID_MYFONT = 2 /* My shiny, new font */
#endif
...
New Add the font to the NX build system. There are several files that
you have to modify to to this. Look how the build system uses the
font CONFIG_NXFONT_SANS23X27 for examaples:
5. nuttx/graphics/Makefile. This file needs logic to auto-generate
a C source file from the header file that you generated with the
the bdf-converter program. Notice NXFONTS_FONTID=2; this must be
set to the same font ID value that you defined in the
include/nuttx/nx/nxfonts.h file.
genfontsources:
ifeq ($(CONFIG_NXFONT_SANS23X27),y)
@$(MAKE) -C nxfonts -f Makefile.sources TOPDIR=$(TOPDIR) NXFONTS_FONTID=1 EXTRADEFINES=$(EXTRADEFINES)
endif
ifeq ($(CONFIG_NXFONT_MYFONT),y)
@$(MAKE) -C nxfonts -f Makefile.sources TOPDIR=$(TOPDIR) NXFONTS_FONTID=2 EXTRADEFINES=$(EXTRADEFINES)
endif
6. nuttx/graphics/nxfonts/Make.defs. Set the make variable NXFSET_CSRCS.
NXFSET_CSRCS determines the name of the font C file to build when
NXFONTS_FONTID=2:
ifeq ($(CONFIG_NXFONT_SANS23X27),y)
NXFSET_CSRCS += nxfonts_bitmaps_sans23x27.c
endif
ifeq ($(CONFIG_NXFONT_MYFONT),y)
NXFSET_CSRCS += nxfonts_bitmaps_myfont.c
endif
7. nuttx/graphics/nxfonts/Makefile.sources. This is the Makefile used
in step 5 that will actually generate the font C file. So, given
your NXFONTS_FONTID=2, it needs to determine a prefix to use for
auto-generated variable and function names and (again) the name of
the autogenerated file to create (this must be the same name that
was used in nuttx/graphics/nxfonts/Make.defs):
ifeq ($(NXFONTS_FONTID),1)
NXFONTS_PREFIX := g_sans23x27_
GEN_CSRC = nxfonts_bitmaps_sans23x27.c
endif
ifeq ($(NXFONTS_FONTID),2)
NXFONTS_PREFIX := g_myfont_
GEN_CSRC = nxfonts_bitmaps_myfont.c
endif
8. graphics/nxfonts/nxfonts_bitmaps.c. This is the file that contains
the generic font structures. It is used as a "template" file by
nuttx/graphics/nxfonts/Makefile.sources to create your customized
font data set.
#if NXFONTS_FONTID == 1
# include "nxfonts_sans23x27.h"
#elif NXFONTS_FONTID == 2
# include "nxfonts_myfont.h"
#else
# error "No font ID specified"
#endif
Where nxfonts_myfont.h is the NuttX font file that we generated in
step 2 using the bdf-converter tool.
9. graphics/nxfonts/nxfonts_getfont.c. Finally, we need to extend the
logic that does the run-time font lookups so that can find our new
font. The lookup function is NXHANDLE nxf_getfonthandle(enum nx_fontid_e fontid).
The new font information needs to be added to data structures used by
that function:
#ifdef CONFIG_NXFONT_SANS23X27
extern const struct nx_fontpackage_s g_sans23x27_package;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_NXFONT_MYFONT
extern const struct nx_fontpackage_s g_myfont_package;
#endif
static FAR const struct nx_fontpackage_s *g_fontpackages[] =
{
#ifdef CONFIG_NXFONT_SANS23X27
&g_sans23x27_package,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_NXFONT_MYFONT
&g_myfont_package,
#endif
NULL
};
Configuration Settings
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
General NX Settings
-------------------
CONFIG_NX
Enables overall support for graphics library and NX
CONFIG_NX_MULTIUSER
Configures NX in multi-user mode
CONFIG_NX_NPLANES
Some YUV color formats requires support for multiple planes, one for each
color component. Unless you have such special hardware, this value should be
undefined or set to 1.
CONFIG_NX_WRITEONLY
Define if the underlying graphics device does not support read operations.
Automatically defined if CONFIG_NX_LCDDRIVER and CONFIG_LCD_NOGETRUN are
defined.
CONFIG_NX_DISABLE_1BPP, CONFIG_NX_DISABLE_2BPP,
CONFIG_NX_DISABLE_4BPP, CONFIG_NX_DISABLE_8BPP,
CONFIG_NX_DISABLE_16BPP, CONFIG_NX_DISABLE_24BPP, and
CONFIG_NX_DISABLE_32BPP
NX supports a variety of pixel depths. You can save some memory by disabling
support for unused color depths.
CONFIG_NX_PACKEDMSFIRST
If a pixel depth of less than 8-bits is used, then NX needs to know if the
pixels pack from the MS to LS or from LS to MS
CONFIG_NX_XYINPUT
Build in support for a X/Y positional input device such as a mouse or a
touchscreen.
CONFIG_NX_KBD
Build in support of keypad/keyboard input.
CONFIG_NXTK_BORDERWIDTH
Specifies with with of the border (in pixels) used with framed windows.
The default is 4.
CONFIG_NXTK_BORDERCOLOR1, CONFIG_NXTK_BORDERCOLOR2, CONFIG_NXTK_BORDERCOLOR3
Specify the colors of the border used with framed windows.
CONFIG_NXTK_BORDERCOLOR2 is the shadow side color and so is normally darker.
CONFIG_NXTK_BORDERCOLOR3 is the shiny side color and so is normally brighter.
The default is mediumdark grey, and light grey, respectively
CONFIG_NXTK_AUTORAISE
If set, a window will be raised to the top if the mouse position is over a
visible portion of the window. Default: A mouse button must be clicked over
a visible portion of the window.
CONFIG_NXFONTS_CHARBITS
The number of bits in the character set. Current options are only 7 and 8.
The default is 7.
Font Selections
---------------
CONFIG_NXFONT_SANS17X22
This option enables support for a tiny, 17x22 san serif font
(font ID FONTID_SANS17X22 == 14).
CONFIG_NXFONT_SANS20X26
This option enables support for a tiny, 20x26 san serif font
(font ID FONTID_SANS20X26 == 15).
CONFIG_NXFONT_SANS23X27
This option enables support for a tiny, 23x27 san serif font
(font ID FONTID_SANS23X27 == 1).
CONFIG_NXFONT_SANS22X29
This option enables support for a small, 22x29 san serif font
(font ID FONTID_SANS22X29 == 2).
CONFIG_NXFONT_SANS28X37
This option enables support for a medium, 28x37 san serif font
(font ID FONTID_SANS28X37 == 3).
CONFIG_NXFONT_SANS39X48
This option enables support for a large, 39x48 san serif font
(font ID FONTID_SANS39X48 == 4).
CONFIG_NXFONT_SANS17X23B
This option enables support for a tiny, 17x23 san serif bold font
(font ID FONTID_SANS17X23B == 16).
CONFIG_NXFONT_SANS20X27B
This option enables support for a tiny, 20x27 san serif bold font
(font ID FONTID_SANS20X27B == 17).
CONFIG_NXFONT_SANS22X29B
This option enables support for a small, 22x29 san serif bold font
(font ID FONTID_SANS22X29B == 5).
CONFIG_NXFONT_SANS28X37B
This option enables support for a medium, 28x37 san serif bold font
(font ID FONTID_SANS28X37B == 6).
CONFIG_NXFONT_SANS40X49B
This option enables support for a large, 40x49 san serif bold font
(font ID FONTID_SANS40X49B == 7).
CONFIG_NXFONT_SERIF22X29
This option enables support for a small, 22x29 font (with serifs)
(font ID FONTID_SERIF22X29 == 8).
CONFIG_NXFONT_SERIF29X37
This option enables support for a medium, 29x37 font (with serifs)
(font ID FONTID_SERIF29X37 == 9).
CONFIG_NXFONT_SERIF38X48
This option enables support for a large, 38x48 font (with serifs)
(font ID FONTID_SERIF38X48 == 10).
CONFIG_NXFONT_SERIF22X28B
This option enables support for a small, 27x38 bold font (with serifs)
(font ID FONTID_SERIF22X28B == 11).
CONFIG_NXFONT_SERIF27X38B
This option enables support for a medium, 27x38 bold font (with serifs)
(font ID FONTID_SERIF27X38B == 12).
CONFIG_NXFONT_SERIF38X49B
This option enables support for a large, 38x49 bold font (with serifs)
(font ID FONTID_SERIF38X49B == 13).
NxTerm Configuration Settings
--------------------------------
CONFIG_NXTERM
Enables building of the NxTerm driver.
NxTerm output text/graphics options:
CONFIG_NXTERM_BPP
Currently, NxTerm supports only a single pixel depth. This
configuration setting must be provided to support that single pixel depth.
Default: The smallest enabled pixel depth. (see CONFIG_NX_DISABLE_*BPP)
CONFIG_NXTERM_CURSORCHAR
The bitmap code to use as the cursor. Default '_'
CONFIG_NXTERM_MXCHARS
NxTerm needs to remember every character written to the console so
that it can redraw the window. This setting determines the size of some
internal memory allocations used to hold the character data. Default: 128.
CONFIG_NXTERM_CACHESIZE
NxTerm supports caching of rendered fonts. This font caching is required
for two reasons: (1) First, it improves text performance, but more
importantly (2) it preserves the font memory. Since the NX server runs on
a separate server thread, it requires that the rendered font memory persist
until the server has a chance to render the font. Unfortunately, the font
cache would be quite large if all fonts were saved. The CONFIG_NXTERM_CACHESIZE
setting will control the size of the font cache (in number of glyphs). Only that
number of the most recently used glyphs will be retained. Default: 16.
NOTE: There can still be a race condition between the NxTerm driver and the
NX task. If you every see character corruption (especially when printing
a lot of data or scrolling), then increasing the value of CONFIG_NXTERM_CACHESIZE
is something that you should try. Alternatively, you can reduce the size of
CONFIG_MQ_MAXMSGSIZE which will force NxTerm task to pace the server task.
CONFIG_NXTERM_CACHESIZE should be larger than CONFIG_MQ_MAXMSGSIZE in any event.
CONFIG_NXTERM_LINESEPARATION
This the space (in rows) between each row of test. Default: 0
CONFIG_NXTERM_NOWRAP
By default, lines will wrap when the test reaches the right hand side
of the window. This setting can be defining to change this behavior so
that the text is simply truncated until a new line is encountered.
NxTerm Input options
CONFIG_NXTERM_NXKBDIN
Take input from the NX keyboard input callback. By default, keyboard
input is taken from stdin (/dev/console). If this option is set, then
the interface nxterm_kdbin() is enabled. That interface may be driven
by window callback functions so that keyboard input *only* goes to the
top window.
CONFIG__NXTERM_KBDBUFSIZE
If CONFIG_NXTERM_NXKBDIN is enabled, then this value may be used to
define the size of the per-window keyboard input buffer. Default: 16
CONFIG_NXTERM_NPOLLWAITERS
The number of threads that can be waiting for read data available.
Default: 4
NX Multi-user only options
--------------------------
CONFIG_NX_BLOCKING
Open the client message queues in blocking mode. In this case,
nx_eventhandler() will not return until a message is received and processed.
CONFIG_NX_MXSERVERMSGS and CONFIG_NX_MXCLIENTMSGS
Specifies the maximum number of messages that can fit in the message queues.
No additional resources are allocated, but this can be set to prevent
flooding of the client or server with too many messages (CONFIG_PREALLOC_MQ_MSGS
controls how many messages are pre-allocated).
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