incubator-nuttx/Documentation/components/arch/index.rst

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==========================
Architecture-Specific Code
==========================
The NuttX configuration consists of:
* Processor architecture specific files. These are the files contained
in the ``arch/<arch-name>/`` directory discussed in this file.
* Chip/SoC specific files. Each processor architecture is embedded in
chip or System-on-a-Chip (SoC) architecture. The full chip
architecture includes the processor architecture plus chip-specific
interrupt logic, general purpose I/O (GPIO) logic, and specialized,
internal peripherals (such as UARTs, USB, etc.).
These chip-specific files are contained within chip-specific
sub-directories in the ``arch/<arch-name>/`` directory and are selected
via the CONFIG_ARCH_name selection
* Board specific files. In order to be usable, the chip must be
contained in a board environment. The board configuration defines
additional properties of the board including such things as peripheral
LEDs, external peripherals (such as network, USB, etc.).
These board-specific configuration files can be found in the
``boards/<arch>/<chip>/<board>`` sub-directories.
This file will address the processor architecture specific files that
are contained in the ``arch/<arch-name>/`` directory. The file
include/nuttx/arch.h identifies all of the APIs that must be provided by
this architecture specific logic. (It also includes
``arch/<arch-name>/arch.h`` as described below).
Directory Structure in ``arch/``
================================
The ``arch/`` directory contains architecture-specific logic. The complete
board port is defined by the architecture-specific code in this
directory plus the board-specific configurations in the ``boards/``
directory. Each architecture must provide a subdirectory <arch-name>
under ``arch/`` with the following characteristics::
<arch-name>/
|-- include/
| |--<chip-name>/
| | `-- (chip-specific header files)
| |--<other-chips>/
| |-- arch.h
| |-- irq.h
| |-- syscall.h
| `-- types.h
`-- src/
|--<chip-name>/
| `-- (chip-specific source files)
|--<other-chips>/
|-- Makefile
`-- (architecture-specific source files)
Summary of Files
================
``include/<chip-name>/``
This sub-directory contains chip-specific header files.
``include/arch.h``
This is a hook for any architecture specific definitions that may be
needed by the system. It is included by ``include/nuttx/arch.h``
``include/types.h``
This provides architecture/toolchain-specific definitions for standard
types. This file should typedef: ``_int8_t``, ``_uint8_t``, ``_int16_t``,
``_uint16_t``, ``_int32_t``, ``_uint32_t``
and if the architecture supports 64-bit integers: ``_int24_t``, ``_uint24_t``,
``_int64_t``, ``_uint64_t``
NOTE that these type names have a leading underscore character. This
file will be included (indirectly) by ``include/stdint.h`` and typedef'ed
to the final name without the underscore character. This roundabout
way of doings things allows the stdint.h to be removed from the
``include/`` directory in the event that the user prefers to use the
definitions provided by their toolchain header files.
``irqstate_t``
Must be defined to the size required to hold the interrupt
enable/disable state.
This file will be included by ``include/sys/types.h`` and be made
available to all files.
``include/irq.h``
This file needs to define some architecture-specific functions
(usually inline if the compiler supports inlining) and structures.
These include:
``struct xcptcontext``
This structure represents the saved context ofa thread.
``irqstate_t up_irq_save(void)``
Used to disable all interrupts.
``void up_irq_restore(irqstate_t flags)``
Used to restore interrupt enables to the same state as before ``up_irq_save``
was called.
NOTE: These interfaces are not available to application code but can
only be used within the operating system code. And, in general, these
functions should **never** be called directly, not unless you know
absolutely well what you are doing. Rather you should typically use
the wrapper functions ``enter_critical_section()`` and
``leave_critical_section()`` as prototyped in ``include/nuttx/irq.h``.
This file must also define NR_IRQS, the total number of IRQs supported
by the board.
- ``include/syscall.h``: This file needs to define some
architecture specific functions (usually inline if the compiler
supports inlining) to support software interrupts or
*syscall*\ s that can be used all from user-mode applications
into kernel-mode NuttX functions. This file must always be
provided to prevent compilation errors. However, it need only
contain valid function declarations if the architecture
supports the ``CONFIG_BUILD_PROTECTED`` or
``CONFIG_BUILD_KERNEL``\ configurations.
See :doc:`/components/syscall` for details.
``src/<chip-name>/``
This sub-directory contains chip-specific source files.
``src/Makefile``
This makefile will be executed to build the targets src/libup.a and
src/up_head.o. The up_head.o file holds the entry point into the
system (power-on reset entry point, for example). It will be used in
the final link with libup.a and other system archives to generate the
final executable.
Supported Architectures
=======================
The list of supported architectures can be found in :ref:`Supported Platforms <platforms>`.