acrn-hypervisor/doc/developer-guides/GVT-g-porting.rst

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.. _GVT-g-porting:
GVT-g Enabling and Porting Guide
################################
Introduction
************
GVT-g is Intel's open-source GPU virtualization solution, up-streamed to
the Linux kernel. Its implementation over KVM is named KVMGT, over Xen
is named XenGT, and over ACRN is named AcrnGT. GVT-g can export multiple
virtual-GPU (vGPU) instances for a virtual machine (VM) system. A VM can be
assigned one instance of a vGPU. The guest OS graphic driver needs only
minor modifications to drive the vGPU adapter in a VM. Every vGPU instance
adopts the full HW GPU's acceleration capability for media, 3D rendering,
and display.
AcrnGT refers to the glue layer between the ACRN hypervisor and GVT-g
core device model. It works as the agent of hypervisor-related services.
It is the only layer that must be rewritten when porting GVT-g to other
specific hypervisors.
For simplicity, in the rest of this document, the term GVT is used to refer
to the core device model component of GVT-g, specifically corresponding to
``gvt.ko`` when built as a module.
Purpose of This Document
************************
This document explains the relationship between components of GVT-g in the
ACRN hypervisor, shows how to enable GVT-g on ACRN, and guides developers
porting GVT-g to work on other hypervisors.
This document describes:
- the overall components of GVT-g
- the interaction interface of each component
- the core interaction scenarios
APIs of each component interface can be found in the :ref:`GVT-g_api`
documentation.
Overall Components
******************
For the GVT-g solution for the ACRN hypervisor, there are two key modules:
AcrnGT and GVT.
AcrnGT module
Compiled from ``drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gvt/acrn_gvt.c``, the AcrnGT
module acts as a glue layer between the ACRN hypervisor and the
interface to the ACRN-DM in user space.
AcrnGT is the agent of hypervisor-related services, including I/O trap
request, IRQ injection, address translation, VM controls, etc. It also
listens to ACRN hypervisor in ``acrngt_emulation_thread``, and informs the
GVT module of I/O traps.
It calls into the GVT module's :ref:`intel_gvt_ops_interface` to invoke
Device Model's routines, and receives requests from the GVT module through
the :ref:`MPT_interface`.
User-space programs, such as ACRN-DM, communicate with AcrnGT through
the :ref:`sysfs_interface` by writing to sysfs node
``/sys/kernel/gvt/control/create_gvt_instance``.
This is the only module that must be rewritten when porting to another
embedded device hypervisor.
GVT module
This Device Model service is the central part of all the GVT-g components.
It receives workloads from each vGPU, shadows the workloads, and
dispatches the workloads to the Service VM's i915 module to deliver
workloads to real hardware. It also emulates the virtual display to each VM.
VHM module
This is a kernel module that requires an interrupt (vIRQ) number and
exposes APIs to external kernel modules such as GVT-g and the
virtIO BE service running in kernel space. It exposes a char device node
in user space, and interacts only with the DM. The DM routes I/O requests
and responses between other modules to and from the VHM module via the
char device. DM may use the VHM for hypervisor service (including remote
memory map), and VHM may directly service the request such as for the
remote memory map or invoking hypercall. It also sends I/O responses to
user-space modules, notified by vIRQ injections.
.. figure:: images/GVT-g-porting-image1.png
:width: 700px
:align: center
:name: GVT-g_components
GVT-g components and interfaces
Core Scenario Interaction Sequences
***********************************
vGPU Creation Scenario
======================
In this scenario, AcrnGT receives a create request from ACRN-DM. It calls
GVT's :ref:`intel_gvt_ops_interface` to inform GVT of vGPU creation. This
interface sets up all vGPU resources such as MMIO, GMA, PVINFO, GTT,
DISPLAY, and Execlists, and calls back to the AcrnGT module through the
:ref:`MPT_interface` ``attach_vgpu``. Then, the AcrnGT module sets up an
I/O request server and asks to trap the PCI configure space of the vGPU
(virtual device 0:2:0) via VHM's APIs. Finally, the AcrnGT module launches
an AcrnGT emulation thread to listen to I/O trap notifications from HVM and
ACRN hypervisor.
vGPU Destroy Scenario
=====================
In this scenario, AcrnGT receives a destroy request from ACRN-DM. It calls
GVT's :ref:`intel_gvt_ops_interface` to inform GVT of the vGPU destroy
request, and cleans up all vGPU resources.
vGPU PCI Configure Space Write Scenario
=======================================
ACRN traps the vGPU's PCI config space write, notifies AcrnGT's
``acrngt_emulation_thread``, which calls ``acrngt_hvm_pio_emulation`` to
handle all I/O trap notifications. This routine calls the GVT's
:ref:`intel_gvt_ops_interface` ``emulate_cfg_write`` to emulate the vGPU PCI
config space write:
#. If it is BAR0 (GTTMMIO) write, turn on/off GTTMMIO trap, according to
the write value.
#. If it is BAR1 (Aperture) write, maps/unmaps vGPU's aperture to its
corresponding part in the host's aperture.
#. Otherwise, write to the virtual PCI configuration space of the vGPU.
PCI Configure Space Read Scenario
=================================
The call sequence is almost the same as in the write scenario above, but
instead it calls the GVT's :ref:`intel_gvt_ops_interface`
``emulate_cfg_read`` to emulate the vGPU PCI config space read.
GGTT Read/Write Scenario
========================
GGTT's trap is set up in the PCI configure space write scenario above.
MMIO Read/Write Scenario
========================
MMIO's trap is set up in the PCI configure space write scenario above.
PPGTT Write-Protection Page Set/Unset Scenario
==============================================
The PPGTT write-protection page is set by calling ``acrn_ioreq_add_iorange``
with range type as ``REQ_WP`` and trapping its write to the device model
while allowing read without trap.
PPGTT write-protection page is unset by calling ``acrn_ioreq_del_range``.
PPGTT Write-Protection Page Write
=================================
In the VHM module, ioreq for PPGTT WP and MMIO trap is the same. It will
also be trapped into the routine ``intel_vgpu_emulate_mmio_write()``.
API Details
***********
APIs of each component interface can be found in the :ref:`GVT-g_api`
documentation.