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doc: cleanup/update glossary terms 

There are many graphics-related terms in the glossary that are not
referenced in the documentation.  Remove those terms, and clarify new
terms in our updated GSG and introductory docs.

Signed-off-by: David B. Kinder <david.b.kinder@intel.com>
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David B. Kinder 2021-09-27 09:53:31 -07:00 committed by David Kinder
parent 545c006a33
commit b4967081bf
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doc/glossary.rst
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@ -6,6 +6,15 @@ Glossary of Terms
.. glossary::
:sorted:
AaaG
LaaG
WaaG
Acronyms for Android, Linux, and Windows as a Guest VM. ACRN supports a
variety of :term:`User VM` OS choices. Your choice depends on the
needs of your application. For example, Windows is popular for
Human-Machine Interface (HMI) applications in industrial applications,
while Linux is a likely OS choice for a VM running an AI application.
ACPI
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
@ -14,16 +23,6 @@ Glossary of Terms
real-time and safety-criticality in mind, optimized to streamline
embedded development through an open source platform.
ACRN-DM
A user mode device model application running in Service OS to provide
device emulations in ACRN hypervisor.
aperture
CPU-visible graphics memory
low GM
see :term:`aperture`
API
Application Program Interface: A defined set of routines and protocols for
building application software.
@ -37,56 +36,37 @@ Glossary of Terms
BIOS
Basic Input/Output System.
Dom0 i915
The Intel Graphics driver running in Domain 0
DM
Device Model
An application within the Service VM responsible for creating and
launching a User VM and then performing device emulation for the devices
configured for sharing with that User VM. The Service VM and Device Model
can access hardware resources directly through native drivers and provide
device sharing services to User VMs. User VMs can access hardware devices
directly if they've been configured as passthrough devices.
ELSP
GPU's ExecList submission port
Development Computer
Host
As with most IoT development environments, you configure, compile, and
build your application on a separate system from where the application is
deployed and run (i.e., the :term:`Target`). ACRN recommends using Ubuntu
18.04 as the OS on your development computer and that is an assumption in
our documentation.
GGTT
Global Graphic Translation Table. The virtual address page table
used by a GPU to reference system memory.
GMA
Graphics Memory Address
GPU
Graphics Processing Unit
GTT
Graphic Translation Table
GTTMMADR
Graphic Translation Table Memory Map Address
GuC
Graphic Micro-controller
Guest
Guest VM
A term used to refer to any :term:`VM` that runs on the hypervisor. Both Service
and User VMs are considered Guest VMs from the hypervisor's perspective,
albeit with different properties. *(You'll find the term Guest used in the
names of functions and variables in the ACRN source code.)*
GVT-d
Virtual dedicated graphics acceleration (one VM to one physical GPU)
Virtual dedicated graphics acceleration (one VM to one physical GPU).
GVT-s
Virtual shared graphics acceleration (multiple VMs to one physical GPU)
Hidden GM
Hidden or High graphics memory, not visible to the CPU.
High GM
See :term:`Hidden GM`
Hybrid Mode
One of three operation modes (hybrid, partition, sharing) that ACRN supports.
In this mixed mode, physical hardware resources can be both partitioned to
individual user VMs and shared across user VMs.
I2C
Inter-Integrated Circuit
i915
The Intel Graphics driver
IC
Instrument Cluster
Hybrid
One of three operation scenarios (partitioned, shared, and hybrid) that ACRN supports.
In the hybrid mode, some physical hardware resources can be partitioned to
individual User VMs while others are shared across User VMs.
IDT
Interrupt Descriptor Table: a data structure used by the x86
@ -97,64 +77,39 @@ Glossary of Terms
Interrupt Service Routine: Also known as an interrupt handler, an ISR
is a callback function whose execution is triggered by a hardware
interrupt (or software interrupt instructions) and is used to handle
high-priority conditions that require interrupting the current code
high-priority conditions that require interrupting the code currently
executing on the processor.
IVE
In-Vehicle Experience
IVI
In-vehicle Infotainment
OS
Operating System
OSPM
Operating System Power Management
Passthrough Device
Physical devices (typically PCI) exclusively assigned to a guest. In
the Project ACRN architecture, passthrough devices are owned by the
foreground OS.
Physical I/O devices (typically PCI) exclusively assigned to a User VM so
that the VM can access the hardware device directly and with minimal (if any)
VM management involvement. Normally, the Service VM owns the hardware
devices shared among User VMs and virtualized access is done through
Device Model emulation.
Partition Mode
One of three operation modes (partition, sharing, hybrid) that ACRN supports.
Physical hardware resources are partitioned to individual user VMs.
PCI
Peripheral Component Interface.
PDE
Page Directory Entry
PM
Power Management
Partitioned
One of three operation scenarios (partitioned, shared, and hybrid) that ACRN supports.
Physical hardware resources are dedicated to individual User VMs.
Pre-launched VM
Pre-launched VMs are started by the ACRN hypervisor before the
Service VM is launched. (See :term:`Post-launched VM`)
A :term:`User VM` launched by the hypervisor before the :term:`Service VM`
is started. Such a User VM runs independently of and is partitioned from
the Service VM and other post-launched VMs. It has its own carefully
configured and dedicated hardware resources such as CPUs, memory, and I/O
devices. Other VMs, including the Service VM, may not even be aware of a
pre-launched VM's existence. A pre-launched VM can be used as a
special-case :term:`Safety VM` for reacting to critical system failures.
It cannot take advantage of the Service VM or Device Model services.
Post-launched VM
Post-Launched VMs are launched and configured by the Service VM.
(See :term:`Pre-launched VM`)
PTE
Page Table Entry
PV
Para-virtualization (See
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paravirtualization)
PVINFO
Para-Virtualization Information Page, a MMIO range used to
implement para-virtualization
A :term:`User VM` configured and launched by the Service VM and typically
accessing shared hardware resources managed by the Service VM and Device
Model. Most User VMs are post-launched while special-purpose User VMs are
pre-launched.
QEMU
Quick EMUlator. Machine emulator running in user space.
RSE
Rear Seat Entertainment
RDT
Intel Resource Director Technology (Intel RDT) provides a set of
monitoring and allocation capabilities to control resources such as
@ -162,36 +117,54 @@ Glossary of Terms
Memory Bandwidth Allocation (MBA).
RTVM
Real-time VM. A specially-designed VM that can run hard real-time or
soft real-time workloads (or applications) much more efficiently
than the typical User VM through the use of a passthrough interrupt
controller, polling-mode Virtio, Intel RDT allocation features (CAT,
MBA), and I/O prioritization. RTVMs are typically a :term:`Pre-launched VM`.
A non-:term:`Safety VM` with real-time requirements is a
:term:`Post-launched VM`.
Real-time VM
A :term:`User VM` configured specifically for real-time applications and
their performance needs. ACRN supports near bare-metal performance for a
post-launched real-time VM by configuring certain key technologies or
enabling device-passthrough to avoid common virtualization and
device-access overhead issues. Such technologies include: using a
passthrough interrupt controller, polling-mode Virtio, Intel RDT
allocation features (CAT, MBA), and I/O prioritization. RTVMs are
typically a :term:`Pre-launched VM`. A non-:term:`Safety VM` with
real-time requirements is a :term:`Post-launched VM`.
Safety VM
A special VM with dedicated hardware resources, running in
partition mode, and providing overall system health-monitoring
functionality. Currently, a Safety VM is always a pre-launched User VM.
A special VM with dedicated hardware resources for providing overall
system health-monitoring functionality. A safety VM is always a
pre-launched User VM, either in a partitioned or hybrid scenario.
SDC
Software Defined Cockpit
Service VM
The Service VM is generally the first VM launched by ACRN and can
access hardware resources directly by running native drivers and
provides device sharing services to User VMs via the Device Model.
Sharing Mode
One of three operation modes (sharing, hybrid, partition) that ACRN supports.
Most of the physical hardware resources are shared across user VMs.
Scenario
A collection of hypervisor and VM configuration settings that define an
ACRN-based application's environment. A scenario configuration is stored
in a scenario XML file and edited using a GUI configuration tool. The
scenario configuration, along with the target board configuration, is used
by the ACRN build system to modify the source code to build tailored
images of the hypervisor and Service VM for the application. ACRN provides
example scenarios for shared, partitioned, and hybrid configurations that
developers can use to define a scenario configuration appropriate for
their own application.
SOS
Obsolete, see :term:`Service VM`
Service OS
Obsolete, see :term:`Service VM`
Service VM
A special VM, directly launched by the hypervisor. The Service VM can
access hardware resources directly by running native drivers and provides
device sharing services to post-launched User VMs through the ACRN Device
Model (DM). Hardware resources include CPUs, memory, graphics memory, USB
devices, disk, and network mediation. *(Historically, the Service VM was
called the Service OS or SOS. You may still see these terms used in the
code and API interfaces.)*
Industry
Shared
One of three operation scenarios (shared, hybrid, partitioned) that ACRN supports.
Most of the physical hardware resources are shared across User VMs.
*(Industry scenario is being renamed to Shared in the v2.7 release.)*
Target
This is the hardware where the configured ACRN hypervisor and
developer-written application (built on the :term:`Development Computer`) is
deployed and runs.
UEFI
Unified Extensible Firmare Interface. UEFI replaces the
@ -200,30 +173,25 @@ Glossary of Terms
important, support Secure Boot, checking the OS validity to ensure no
malware has tampered with the boot process.
User VM
User Virtual Machine.
UOS
Obsolete, see :term:`User VM`
User OS
Obsolete, see :term:`User VM`
HSM
Hypervisor Service Module
Virtio-BE
Back-End, VirtIO framework provides front-end driver and back-end driver
for IO mediators, developer has habit of using Shorthand. So they say
Virtio-BE and Virtio-FE
Virtio-FE
Front-End, VirtIO framework provides front-end driver and back-end
driver for IO mediators, developer has habit of using Shorthand. So
they say Virtio-BE and Virtio-FE
User VM
A :term:`VM` where user-defined environments and applications run. User VMs can
run different OSes based on their needs, including for example, Ubuntu for
an AI application, Android or Windows for a Human-Machine Interface, or a
hard real-time control OS such as Zephyr, VxWorks, or RT-Linux for soft or
hard real-time control. There are three types of ACRN User VMs: pre-launched,
post-launched standard, and post-launched real-time. *(Historically, a
User VM was also called a User OS, or simply UOS. You may still see these
other terms used in the code and API interfaces.)*
VM
Virtual Machine, a guest OS running environment
Virtual Machine
A compute resource that uses software instead of physical hardware to run a
program. Multiple VMs can run independently on the same physical machine,
and with their own OS. A hypervisor uses direct access to the underlying
machine to create the software environment for sharing and managing
hardware resources.
VMM
Virtual Machine Monitor